PREAMBLE (NOT PART OF THE STANDARD)

END OF PREAMBLE (NOT PART OF THE STANDARD)

Indian Standard
METHOD FOR COMPUTATION OF FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY RATES FOR INDUSTRIAL INJURIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

Gr 7
i

Chairman	Representing
Dr S. S. Ramaswamy	Directorate General Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes (Ministry of Labour), Bombay
Members
Shri P. R. Surendranathan (Alternate to Dr S. S. Ramaswamy)
Shri V. K. Arora	Ministry of Shipping and Transport
Shri T. P. P. Nambiar (Alternate)
Shri Prem Baveja	Hindustan Aeronautic Ltd, Bangalore
Shri B. S. Grover (Alternate)
Shri S. P. Bhatia	Indian Cotton Mills Federation, Bombay
Shri Charanjit Lal	Chief Controllerate of Explosives, Nagpur
Shri B. R. Dave (Alternate)
Shri N. Chakravarty	Indian Trade Union Congress, New Delhi
Shri Karan Singh (Alternate)
Shri P. K. Chaudhuri	Indian Society of Engineers, Calcutta
Dr D. K. Nag (Alternate)
Shri N. Chawla	Sandoz (India) Ltd, Thane
Shri S. C. Dey	Central Boilers Board, New Delhi
Shri S. M. Prasad (Alternate)
Diretor (Commercial)	Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi
Deputy Director (Commercial) (Alternate)
Director General Of Mines	Directorate General of Mines Safety, Dhanbad
Safety
Director, Mines Safety Equipment (Alternate)

© Copyright 1983 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said act.

1(Continued from page 1)

Members	Representing
Shri Durgesh Chandra	Century Rayon, Kalyan
Shri Jayant Adhia (Alternate)
Shri P. N. Ghosh	Institution of Fire Engineers India, New Delhi
Shri K. C. Gupta	National Safety Council, Bombay
Shri N. Raghavan (Alternate)
Shri R. P. Jha	Indian Jute Mills Association, Calcutta
Shri J. D. Juina	Indian Airlines Corporation, New Delhi
Shri M. N. Arora (Alternate)
Shri M. Kant	Safety Appliances Manufacturer’s Association, Bombay
Shri Kirit Maru (Alternate)
Shri V. N. Kholkute	Factory Inspectorate, Government of Maharashtra, Bombay
Shri H. N. Mirashi (Alternate)
Shri B. S. Mathur	Standing Committee on Safety for the Steel Industry, Durgapur
Shri A. K. Dasgupta (Alternate)
Shri G. B. Menon	Standing Fire Advisory Council, Ministry of Home Affairs
Shri M. K. Modwel	Railway Board (Ministry of Railways)
Shri R. N. Mukhopadryay	Directorate General of health Services, New Delhi
Shri P. Krishnan Nair	The Fertilizers and Chemicals Travancore Ltd, Udyogmandal
Shri S. Purushothama	Loss Prevention Association of India Ltd, Bombay
Shri T. V. Madhumani (Alternate)
Shri G. Ramamurthy	Ministry of Communications
Shri Y. V. R. Reddy (Alternate)
Shri S. G. Ranade	Directorate General of Ordnance Factories, Calcutta
Shri S. R. C. Rao	Steel Authority of India Ltd, New Delhi
Shri R. N. Das (Alternate)
Representative	Ministry of Defence (DGI)
Shri Y. K. Sapru	The Safety First Association of India, Bombay
Shri A. A. Jasdenvala (Alternate)
Shri K. K. Sarkhel	The Project & Development (India) Ltd, Sindri
Shri I. C. Sarjn	Employees State Insurance Corporation, New Delhi
Dr K. M. Saxena (Alternate)
Shri P. Seshadri	Ministry of Petroleum & Chemicals
Shri Jagjit Singh (Alternate)
Dr B. Singh	Central Mining Research Station (CSIR), Dhanbad
Shri P. R. Roy (Alternate)
Shri D. K. Sirkar	Indian Chemical Manufacturers’ Association, Calcutta
Shri S. J. Sharma (Alternate)
Shri S. P. Venkaswamy	Directorate General of Civil Aviation, New Delhi
Shri S. P. Vidyarathi	All India Manufacturers’ Organization, Bombay
Shri S. K. Mathur, Director (Chem)	Director General, ISI (Ex-officio Member)

2

0. FOREWORD

0.1

This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 30 September 1983, after the draft finalized by the Industrial Safety Advisory Committee had been approved by the Executive Committee.

0.2

This standard was originally issued in 1966 with the following objectives in view:

1. To help in evaluating the relative need for taking accident prevention measures in different departments of an establishment;
2. To help in making an appraisal of the progress of an accident prevention campaign and making people safety-conscious;
3. To provide encouragement when methods used for the prevention of accidents are successful; and
4. To enable comparisons to be made.

0.3

The committee responsible for preparing this standard felt that time was opportune to revise this standard to incorporate the following changes;

1. It aligns the definitions of ‘partial disablement* and ‘Total disablement’, and includes other definitions as given in the latest version of the Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 (India);
2. It also includes the definition and method for computation of incidence rates;
3. It has given more comprehensive coverage to classification of accidents; 3
4. It includes an additional item covering the basis of assessment of work injury; and
5. It includes a clause on statistical period so as to make comparison meaningful.

0.4

While preparing this revision, particularly 0.3 (c) above, assistance has been derivied from AS 1885-1976’ Recording and measuring work injury experience’, issued by the Standards Association of Australia.

1. SCOPE

1.1

This standard prescribes basic methods for recording and classifying industrial accidents. It also includes details of work injury and gives the methods for computation of frequency, severity and incidence rate of work injuries in industrial premises. This would enable adoption of a uniform system of recording events associated with injuries and the determination of corrective action.

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.0

For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply.

2.1

Accident—An unintended occurrence arising out of and in the course of employment of a person resulting in injury.

2.2

Death—Fatality resulting from an accident.

2.3

Disabling Injury (Lost Time Injury)—An injury causing disablement extending beyond the day of shift on which the accident occurred.

Note—An ideal system of accident statistics would take into account every occurrence causing injur” however slight. Unfortunately, this is impracticable be cause the record of trivial injuries varies not only according to the number sustained but also according to the strictness with which a firm insists on this being reported. On the other hand, if an accident keeps a man away from work for a day or more, his absence is hound to be noticed. In other words, the ‘one day’ or, One shift’ accident has been chosen because it is a standard unit which cannot vary to a great extent from firm to firm or from year to year. This is, therefore, used for practical purposes as it is the nearest accurate figure to the ideal and is a very simple standard to use.

2.4

Non-disabling Injury—An injury which requires medical treatment only, without causing any disablement whether of temporary or permanent nature.

2.5

Reportable Disabling Injury (Reportable Lost Time Injury)—An injury causing death or disablement to an extent as prescribed by the relevant statute.
4

2.6

Days of Disablement (Lost Time)—In the case of disablement of a temporary nature, the number of days on which the injured person was partially disabled as defined in 2.7. In the case of death or disablement of a permanent nature whether it be partial or total disablement as defined in 2.7 and 2.8 man-days lost means the charges in days of earning capacity lost due to such permanent disability or death as specified in Appendix B. In other cases the day on which the injury occured or the day the injured person returned to work are not to be included as man-days lost; but all intervening calendar days (including Sundays or, days off, or days of plant shut down) are to be included. It after resumption of work, the person injured is again disabled for any period arising out of the injury which caused his earlier disablement, the period of such subsequent disablement is also to be induced in the man-days lost.

2.7

Partial Disablement—This is of two types: disablement of a temporary nature which reduces the earning capacity of an employed person in any employment in which he was engaged at the time of the accident resulting in the disablement; and disablement of a permanent nature, which reduces his earning capacity in every employment which he was capable of undertaking at the time.

2.8

Total Disablement—Disablement, whether of a temporary or permanent nature, which incapacitates a workman for all work which he was capable of performing at the time of the accident resulting in such disablement, provided that permanent total disablement shall be deemed to result from every type of injury specified in Part A of Appendix A or from any combination of injuries specified in Part Β of Appendix A where the aggregate percentage of the loss of earning capacity, as specified in that part against those injuries, amounts to one hundred percent.

2.9

Man-Hours Worked—The total number of employee-hours worked by all employees working in the industrial premises. It includes managerial, supervisory, professional, technical, clerical and other workers including contractors’ labour.

2.10

Scheduled Charge—Charges in days of earning capacity lost due to permanent disability or death (see Appendix A).

3. CALCULATION OF MAN-HOURS WORKED

3.1

Man-hours worked shall be calculated from the pay roll or time clock recorded including overtime. When this is not feasible, the same shall be estimated by multiplying the total man-days worked for the period covered by the number of hours worked per day. The total number of man-days for a period is the sum of the number of men at work on each day of the period. If the daily hours vary from department
5to department separate estimates shall be made for each department and the result added together. When actual man-hours are not used, the basis on which the estimates are made shall be indicated.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF ACCIDENTS

4.1

The principal factors related to causation of accidents are:

1. agency,
2. unsafe mechanical or physical condition,
3. unsafe act,
4. unsafe personal factor,
5. type of accident,
6. nature of injury, and
7. location of injury.

A standard classification as given in Appendix B could serve as a guide for detailed analysis of accidents for the study of the various causative factors and their relationships.

4.2

Each of the items of classification in Appendix B has been assigned a code number which may be used to identify the recorded items of information. When mechanical tabulating procedures are used, the code number will serve as a useful guide for sorting and tabulating the data.

5. ASSESSMENT OF WORK INJURY

5.1 Basis of Assessment

5.1.1

General—Thorough investigation of all factors relating to the occurrence of each reported injury is essential. Determination as to whether or not the injury should be considered a work injury under the provisions of this standard shall be based on the evidence collected during investigations.

5.1.2

Evidence—The evidence to be considered in determining whether or not the reported injury should be considered a work injury may include, but not necessarily be limited to the following:

1. Facts resulting from investigation of the injured employee’s work activities and working environment to which the injury might be related;
2. Statements (written if possible) of the injured employee, fellow employees, witnesses and supervisors; 6
3. Medical reports acceptable to the authority classifying the work injury; and
4. Facts concerning the injured employee’s work activity for other employers, and other off-the-job activities, injuries and illnesses.

5.2 Assessment of Special Gases

5.2.1

General—Before inclusion in the record special cases should be assessed. Clauses 5.2.2 to 5.2.15 are intended to assist in such assessment but these provisions/rules should not be used to exclude a genuine work injury from the record.

5.2.2

Inguinal Hernia—An inguinal hernia shall be considered a work injury only if it is precipitated by an impact, Sudden effort, or severe strain, and meets, after investigation, all of the following conditions:

1. There is clear evidence of an accidental event or an incident, such as a slip, trip or fall, sudden effort or over-exertion;
2. There was actual pain in the hernial region at the time of the accident or incident; and
3. The immediate pain was so acute that the injured employee was forced to stop work long enough to draw the attention of his foreman or fellow employee, or the attention of a physician was secured within 12 hours.

5.2.3

Back Injury—A back injury or strain shall after investigation, be considered a work injury if:

1. There is clear evidence of an accident event or an incident such as a slip, trip or fall, sudden effort or over-exertion, or blow on the back; and
2. A medical practitioner, authorized to treat the case, is satisfied after a complete review of the circumstances of the accident or incident, that the injury could have arisen out of the accident or incident.

5.2.4

Aggravation of Pre-existing Condition—If aggravation of pre-existing physical deficiency arises out of or in the course of employment, the resulting disability shall be considered a work injury and shall be classified according to the ultimate extent of the injury except that if the injury is an inguinal hernia or a back injury the requirement of 5.2.2 or 5.2.3 shall apply.

5.2.5

Aggravation of Minor Injury—If a minor injury is aggravated because of diagnosis or treatment, either professional or non-professional, or if infection or other symptoms develop later, either on the job or off-the-job the injury shall be classified according to its ultimate extent.
7

5.2.6

Cardiovascular Diseases—This term is used to cover the following groups:

1. Rheumatic heart disease,
2. Hypertensive disease,
3. Ischaemic disease,
4. Heart disease secondary to pulmonary disease,
5. Cerebrovascular disease,
6. Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries, and
7. Disease of veins and lymph vessels.

5.2.6.1

Cardiovascular diseases shall not be recorded as work injuries unless:

1. the symptoms were so severe during working hours that the attention of a supervisor was drawn to them; and
2. a medical practitioner, authorized to treat the case, satisfied after a thorough investigation, that the disease or aggravation of the disease was work caused.

5.2.7

Miscellaneous—The category includes the following:

1. Purposely inflicted injuries—An injury purposely, inflicted by the employee or another person shall be considered a work injury if it arises out of or in the course of employment;
2. Skylarking—An injury inflicted by or arising out of skylarking during employment shall be considered a work injury.

5.2.8

Other Disabilities—The following are examples of injuries which shall be considered work injuries if they arise out of or in the course of employment:

1. Animal and insect bites;
2. Skin irritations and infections;
3. Muscular disability;
4. Injuries arising from exposure to extreme temperature (hot or cold); and
5. Loss of hearing, sight, taste, feel or sense of smell.

8

6. COMPUTATION OF FREQUENCY, SEVERITY AND INCIDENCE RATES

6.1

Frequency Rate—The frequency rate shall be calculated both for lost time injury and reportable lost time injury as follows:

Note 1—If the injury does not cause loss of time in the period in which it occurs but in a subsequent period, the injury should be included in the frequency rate of the period in which the loss of time begins.

Note 2—If an injury causes intermittent loss of time, it should only be included in the frequency rate once, that is, when the first loss of time occurs.

Note 3—Since frequency rate F_B is based on the lost time injuries, reportable to the statutory authorities, it may be used for official purposes only. In all other cases, frequency rate F_A should be used for comparison purposes.

6.2

Severity Rate—The severity rate shall be calculated from man-days lost both of lost time injury and reportable lost time injury as follows:

Note—Since severity rate S_B is based on the lost time injuries reportable to the statutory authorities, it should be used for official purposes only. In all other cases severity rate S_A should be used for comparison purposes.

6.2.1

Calculation of man-days lost under 6.2 shall be based on the following:

1. Man-days lost due to temporary total disability;
2. Man-days lost according to schedule of charges for death and permanent disabilities as given in Appendix A. In case of multiple injury, the sum of schedule charges shall not be taken to exceed 6 000 man-days;
3. Days lost due to injury in previous periods, that is, if any accident which occurred in previous period is still causing loss of time in the period under review, such loss of time is also to be included in the period under review; 9
4. In the case of intermittent loss of time, each period should be included in the severity rate for the period in which the time is lost; and
5. If any injury is treated as a lost time injury in one statistical period and subsequently turns out to be a permanent disability; the man-days charged to the injury shall be subtracted from the schedule charge for the injury when permanent disability becomes known.

6.3 Incidence Rates

6.3.1

General incidence rate is the ratio of the number of injuries to the number of persons during the period under review. It is expressed as the number of injuries per 1 000 persons employed.
The incidence rate may be calculated both for lost-time injuries and reportable lost-time injuries as follows:

Note—Since reportable lost-time injury incidence rate is based on the lost time injuries reportable to the statutory authorities, it should be used for official purposes only. In all other cases lost-time injury incidence rate should be used.

6.4

Statistical Period—Rates for any period, that is month, quarter or year shall include injuries which occurred during the period, together with any injuries which occurred in the previous 12 months and which have not already been included in earlier calculations.

6.4.1

An injury which occurred in a previous period and which did not cause lost time at the time of occurrence, but caused lost time in the current period, shall be included as a lost-time injury in the current period.

6.4.2

When calculating duration rates, the time lost for the period shall include time lost in the current period caused by injuries which occurred in previous period.
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APPENDIX A
SCHEDULED CHARGES FOR DISABILITIES*

* Based on Workmen’s Compensation Act (India), 1923 as modified up to 1 February 1962.

Sl No.	Description OF Injury	Percentage OF Loss OF Earning Capacity	Equivalent Man-DAYS Lost
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
	Part A Total Disablement
1.	Death	100	6 000
2.	Loss of both hands or amputation at higher sites	100	6 000
3.	Loss of a hand and a foot	100	6 000
4.	Double amputation through leg or thigh, or amputation through leg or thigh on one side and loss of other foot	100	6 000
5.	Loss of sight to such an extent as to render the claimant unable to perform any work for which eyesight is essential	100	6 000
6.	Very severe facial disfigurement	100	6 000
7.	Absolute deafness	100	6 000
	Part B Partial Disablement
	a) Amputation Cases—Upper Limbs (Either Arm)
8.	Amputation through shoulder joint	90	5 400
9.	Amputation below shoulder with stump less than 205 mm from tip acromion	80	4 800
10.	Amputation from 205 mm from tip of acromion to less than 115 mm below tip of olecranon	70	4 200 11
11.	Loss of a hand or thumb and four fingers of one hand or amputation from 115 mm below tip of olecranon	60	3 600
12.	Loss of thumb	30	1 800
13.	Loss of thumb and its metacarpal bone	40	2 400
14.	Loss of four fingers of one hand	50	3 000
15.	Loss of three fingers of one hand	30	1 800
16.	Loss of two fingers of one hand	20	1 200
17.	Loss of terminal phalanx of thumb	20	1200
	b) Amputation Cases—Lower Limbs
18.	Amputation of both feet resulting in end-bearing stumps	90	5 400
19.	Amputation through both feet proximal to the metatarsophalangeal joint	80	4 800
20.	Loss of all toes of both feet through the metatarsophalangeal joint	40	2 400
21.	Loss of all toes of both feet proximal inter-phalangeal joint	30	1 800
22.	Loss of all toes of both feet distal to the proximal inter-phalangeal joint	20	1 200
23.	Amputation at hip	90	5 400
24.	Amputation below hip with stump not exceeding 125 mm in length measured from tip of great trochanter	80	4 800
25.	Amputation below hip with stump exceeding 125 mm in length measured from tip of great trochanter but not beyond middle thigh	70	4 200 12
26.	Amputation below middle thigh to 90 mm below knee	60	3 600
27.	Amputation below knee with stump exceeding 90 mm but not exceeding 125 mm	50	3 000
28.	Amputation below knee with stump exceeding 125 mm	40	2 400
29.	Amputation of one foot resulting in end-bearing	30	1 800
30	Amputation through one foot proximal to the metatarsophalangeal joint	30	1 800
31.	Loss of all toes of one foot through the metatarsophalangeal joint	20	1200
	c) Other Injuries
32.	Loss of one eye, without complications the other being normal	40	2 400
33.	Loss of vision of one eye, without complications or disfigurement of eye-ball, the other being normal	30	1 800
	d) Loss of Fingers of Right or Left Hand
(i) Index fingers
34.	Whole	14	840
35.	Two phalanges	11	660
36.	One phalanx	9	540
37.	Guillotine amputation of tip without loss of bone	5	300
(ii) Middle finger
38.	Whole	12	720
39.	Two phalanges	9	540
40.	One phalanx	7	420
41.	Guillotine amputation of tip without loss of bone	4	240 13
	(iii) Ring or little finger
42.	Whole	7	420
43.	Two phalanges	6	360
44.	One phalanx	5	300
45.	Guillotine amputation of tip without loss of bone	2	120
	e) Loss of Toes of Right or Left Foot
(i) Great toe
46.	Through metatarsophalangeal joint	14	840
47.	Part, with some loss of bone	3	180
(ii) Any other toe
48.	Through metatarsophalangeal joint	3	180
49.	Part, with some loss of bone	1	60
(iii) Two toes of one foot excluding great toe
50.	Through metatarsophalangeal joint	5	300
51.	Part, with some loss of bone	2	120
(iv) Three toes of one foot, excluding great toe
52.	Through metatarsophalangeal joint	6	360
53.	Part, with some loss of bone	3	180
	(v) Four toes of one foot, excluding great toe
54.	Through metatarsophalangeal joint	9	540
55.	Part, with some loss of bone	3	180
Note 1—Complete and permanent loss of the use of any limb or member referred to in this appendix shall be deemed to be the equivalent of the loss of that limb or member. Note 2—Maximum scheduled charges in case of any injured person shall be 6 000 man-days.

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APPENDIX B
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

Code No.		Particulars
B-1. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO AGENCY
	(Agency is the object or substance which is most closely associated with the accident causing the injury and with respect to which adoption of a safety measure could have prevented the accident)
20	Machines
	201	Prime-movers, except electrical motors
		2011	Steam engines
		2012	Internal combustion engines
		2012	Others
	202	Transmission Machinery
		2021	Transmission shafts
		2022	Transmission belts, cable pulleys, pinions, chains, gears
		2029	Others
	203	Metal Working Machines
		2031	Power presses
		2032	Lathes
		2033	Milling machines
		2034	Abrasive wheels
		2035	Mechanical shears
		2036	Forging machines
		2037	Rolling mills
		2039	Others
	204	Wood and Associated Machines
		2041	Circular saws
		2042	Other saws
		2043	Moulding machines
		2044	Overhand planes
		2049	Others 15
	205	Agricultural Machines
		2051	Reapers (including combined reapers)
		2052	Thresshers
		2059	Others
	206	Mining Machinery
		2061	Drilling and boring machine including augurs
		2062	Cutting machine
		2063	Loading machine including scrapers
		2064	Cutter-loaders including other continuous miners
		2069	Others
	209	Other Machines Not Elsewhere Classified
		2091	Earth-moving machines
		2092	Spinning, weaving and other textile machines
		2093	Machines for the manufacture of foodstuffs and beverages
		2094	Machine for the manufacture of paper and leather
		2095	Printing machines
		2099	Others
21	Means of Transportation and Moving Equipment
	211	Lifting Machines and Appliances
		2111	Cranes
		2112	Lifts and elevators
		2113	Winches
		2114	Pulley blocks
		2119	Others
	212	Means of Rail Transportation
		2121	Inter-urban railways
		2122	Rail transportation in mines, tunnels, quarries, industrial establishments, docks, etc
		2129	Others
	213	Other Wheeled Means of Transportation, Excluding Rail Transportation
		2131	Tractors
		2132	Lorries 16
		2133	Trucks
		2134	Motor Vehicles, not elsewhere classified
		2135	Animal-drawn vehicles
		2136	Hand-drawn vehicles
		2139	Others
	214	Means of Air Transportation
	215	Means of Water Transportation
		2151	Motorised means of water transportation
		2152	Non-motorised means of water transportation
	219	Other Means of Transport
		2191	Cable cars
		2192	Mechanical conveyors, except cable-cars
		2199	Others
22	Other Equipment
	221	Pressure Vessels
		2211	Boilers
		2212	Pressurised containers
		2213	Pressurised piping and accessories
		2214	Gas cylinders
		2215	Vacuum vessels
		2219	Others
	222	Furnaces, Ovens, Kilns
		2221	Blast furnaces
		2222	Refining furnaces
		2223	Other furnaces
		2224	Kilns
		2225	Ovens
	223	Refrigerating Plants
	224	Electrical Installations, Including Electric Motors but Excluding Electric Hand Tools
		2241	Rotating machines
		2242	Conductors 17
		2243	Control apparatus
		2249	Others
	225	Electric Hand Tools
	226	Tools, Implements and Appliances Except Electric Hand Tools
		2261	Power-driven hand tools, except electric hand tools
		2262	Hand tools, not power-driven
		2269	Others.
	227	Ladders, Mobile Ramps
	228	Scaffolding
	229	Other Equipment not Elsewhere Classified
23	Materials, Substances and Radiations
	231	Explosives
	232	Dusts, Gases, Liquids and Chemicals, Excluding Explosives
		2321	Dusts
		2322	Gases, vapours, fumes
		2323	Liquids
		2324	Chemicals not elsewhere classified
		2329	Others
	233	Flying Objects Other Than Due to Explosion
	234	Radiations
		2341	Ionising radiations
		2349	Others
	239	Other Materials and Substances not Elsewhere Classified
24	Working Environment
	241	Outdoor
		2411	Weather
		2412	Traffic and working surfaces
		2413	Water
		2414	Fire
		2419	Others 18
	242	Indoor
		2421	Floors
		2422	Confined quarters
		2423	Stairs
		2424	Other traffic and working surfaces
		2425	Floor openings and wall openings
		2426	Environmental factors (Lighting, ventilation, temperature, noise, etc)
		2427	Water
		2428	Fire
		2429	Others
25	Other Agencies—Mining and Tunneling
	251	Underground Mining and Tunneling
		2511	Roof
		2512	Side and face
		2513	Floor
		2514	Mine shaft
		2515	Water
		2516	Fire
		2517	Others
	252	Opencast Mining (Including Quarrying)
		2521	Overhang
		2522	Side face
		2523	Ground
		2524	Water
		2525	Fire
		2529	Others
26	Other Agencies, not Elsewhere Classified
	261	Animals
		2611	Live animals
		6212	Animal products
	262	Other Agencies Not Elsewhere Classified19
27	Agencies Not Classified for Lack of Sufficient Data
29	Other Agencies
B-2. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO UNSAFE MATERIAL OR PHYSICAL CONDITIONS
(This identifies the unsafe mechanical or physical condition or conditions related to the agency, which contributed to the causation of accident)
		10	Improperly guarded agency
		20	Defects in agency
		30	Hazardous arrangement, procedure, etc in, on, or apparel
		40	Improper illumination
		50	Unsafe dress or apparel
		60	Improper ventilation
		70	Others
B-3. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO THE UNSAFE ACT
(This identifies the deviation from the accepted and laid down safe procedure, which contributed to the causation of accident)
	10	Operating without authority, failure to secure or warn
	20	Operating at unsafe speed
	30	Marking safety devices inoperative
	40	Using unsafe equipment, hand instead of equipment, or equipment unsafely
	50	Unsafe loading, placing, mixing, combining, etc
	60	Taking unsafe position or posture
	70	Others
B-4. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO UNSAFE PERSONAL FACTOR
(This identifies the anatomical, physiological or the psychological characteristic which permitted or occasioned the selected unsafe act)
	10	Unsuitable anatomical, physiological, or psychological characteristics
	20	Lack of knowledge or skill 20
	30	Unsuitable mechanical or physical conditions, social environment, etc.
B-5. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO TYPE OF CACIDENTS
(The type of accident is the manner in which the object or substance causing the injury comes into contact with the injured person, or the movement of the injured person which resulted in the injury)
10	Falls of Persons
	101	Falls of persons from heights (trees, buildings, mine trenches, scaffolds, ladders, machines, vehicles) and into depths (wells, ditches, excavations, shafts, holes in the ground)
	102	Fats of persons on the same level
11	Fall of Objects
		111	Cave-ins (earth, rocks, stone)
		1111	Cave-in or fall of roof
		1112	Cave-in or fall of side and face
		1113	Cave-in or collapse of shaft
		1114	Premature collapse of ground
		1115	Bumps and rock-bursts
	112	Slides (earth, rock, stone, show)
	113	Subsidence of ground
	114	Collapse of buildings, walls, scaffolds, ladders, piles of goods, etc
	115	Fall of cages, skips and kibbles
	116	Fall of objects during handling
12	Stepping on, Striking Against or Struck by Object Excluding Falling Objects
	121	Stepping on objects
	122	Striking against stationary objects (except impacts due to previous fall)
	123	Striking against moving objects
	124	Struck by moving objects (including flying fragments and particles) excluding failing objects 21
13	Caught in or Between Objects
	131	Caught in an object
	132	Caught between a stationary object and a moving object
	133	Caught between moving objects (except flying or falling objects)
14	Over-Exertion or Wrong Movements
	141	Over-exertion in lifting objects
	142	Over-exertion in pushing or pulling objects
	143	Over-exertion in handling or throwing objects
	144	Wrong movements
15	Exposure to or Contact With Extreme Temperature
	151	Exposure to or contact with heat (atmosphere or environment)
	152	Exposure to or contact with cold (atmosphere or environment)
	153	Contact with fire, hot substances or objects
	154	Contact with very cold substances or objects
16	Exposure to or Contact with Electric Current
17	Exposure to or Contact with Harmful Substances, Including Relations
	171	Contact by inhalation, ingestion or absorption of harmful substances including gases
	172	Exposure to ionising radiations
	173	Exposure to radiations other than ionising radiations
18	Explosions
	181	Explosion
	182	Gas explosion
	183	Dust explosion
	184	Others
19	Others
	191	Inundations and eruption
	192	Exposure to high noise
	193	Bursting and rupture of vessels 22
C-6. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO NATURE OF THE INJURY
(This identifies the injury in terms of its principal physical characteristics)
	310	Fractures
		Includes simple fractures; fractures with injuries to soft parts of the body (compound fracture); fractures with injuries to articulations (dislocations, etc); fractures with internal or nerve injuries.
	320	Dislocations
		Includes sublaxations and displacements.
		Excludes fracture dislocations (310).
	325	Sprains and Strains
		Includes, unless associated with an open wound, the ruptures, tears, and lacerations of muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints, as well as hernias due to over exertion.
	330	Concussions and Other Internal Injuries
		Includes, unless fractures are involved, all internal contusions, haemorrhages, lacerations, ruptures.
		Excludes those injuries with fractures (310).
	340	Amputations and Enucleations
		Includes traumatic avulsion of eye.
	341	Other Wounds
		Includes lacerations, open wounds, cuts, contusions with wounds, scalp wounds, as well as loss of nails or ears; includes wounds involving injury to nerves.
		Excludes traumatic amputations, enucleations; avulsion of eye (340) compound fracture (310); burns with open wounds (360); superficial injuries (350).
	350	Superificial Injuries
		Includes abrasions, scratches, blisters, bites of non-venomous insects, superficial wounds; also includes superficial injuries due to foreign bodies entering in the eye. 23
	355	Contusions and Crushings
		Includes aemarthrosis, haematoma and bruises; contusions and crushing associated with superficial injuries.
		Excludes concussions (330); contusions and crushing with fracture (310); and contusions and crushings with an open wound (341).
	360	Burns
		Includes burns from hot objects; from fire; scales; friction burns; radiation burns (infra-red); chemical burns (external burns only); burns with open wounds.
		Excludes burns due to swallowing a corrosive or caustic substance (370); sunburn (380); effects of lightning (380); burns due to electric current (382); and radiation effects other than burns (383).
	370	Acute Poisonings
		Includes the effects of the injection, ingestion, absorption or inhalation of toxic, corrosive or caustic substances; bites of venomous insects or animals; asphyxiation by carbon monoxide or other toxic gases.
		Excludes external chemcial burns (360).
	380	Effects of Weather, Exposure and Related Conditions
		Includes effects of reduced temperature (frost-bite); the effect of heat and isolation (heat strokes, sunstrokes); baratrauma (effects of high altitude, docompression caused due to working in compressed air well); the effects of lightning; sound trauma (total or partial loss of hearing as a separate injury, not a sequel to another injury).
	381	Asphyxia
		Includes drowning asphyxiation or suffocation by compression, constriction or strangulations; also includes asphyxiation by suppression or reduction of oxygen in the surrounding atmosphere and asphyxiation by foreign bodies in the respiratory tract.
		Excludes asphyxiation by carbon monoxide or other toxic gases (370).
	382	Effects of Electric Currents
		Includes electrocution; electrical shock and burn due to electric current. 24
		Excludes burns caused by electrical heating appliances (370) and the effects of lightning (380).
	383	Effects of Radiations
		Includes effects caused by X-rays, radio-active substances, ultraviolet rays, ionising radiations.
		Excludes burns due to radiations (360) and sunstrokes (380).
	390	Multiple Injuries of Different Nature
		This group should be used only for case where the injured person sustained several injuries of different nature and no injury is obviously more severe than the others.
		In case of multiple injuries suffered in one accident where one of the injuries is obviously more severe than the others, then this accident should be classified in the group corresponding to the nature of the more obviously severe injury.
	399	Others and Unspecified Injuries
		This group should only be used to classify injuries which cannot be classified elsewhere.
		Includes various early complications of trauma and pathological reaction which should be classified in this group only when the nature of the antecedent injury is unknown.
B-7. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO THE LOCATION OF THE INJURY
		(Location of injury identifies the part of the injured person’s body directly affected by the injury identified).
Note—The groups relating to multiple locations (see Code No. 46) should be used only to classify cases where the victim suffers from several injuries to different parts of the body and no injury obviously is more severe than the others. When in an accident which caused multiple injuries located at different parts of the body one of these injuries is obviously more severe than the others, this accident, should be classified in the group corresponding to the location of the obviously more severe in jury. For example, a fracture of the leg accompanied by the scratch of the hand should be classified in group 454.
	41	Head
		411	Cranium region (skull brain, scalp)
		412	Eye (including orbit and optic nerve)
		413	Ear 25
		414	Mouth (including lips, teeth and tongue)
		415	Nose
		416	Face, locations not classified elsewhere
		417	Head, multiple locations
		418	Head, unspecified location
	42	Neck (including Throat and Cervical Vertebrae)
	43	Trunk
		431	Back (spinal column and adjoining muscles, spinal cord)
		432	Chest (ribs, sternum, internal organs of the chest)
		433	Abdomen (including internal organs)
		434	Pelvis
		438	Trunk, multiple locations
		439	Trunk, unspecified location
	44	Upper Limb
		441	Shoulder (including clavicle and shoulder blade)
		442	Upper limb
		443	Elbow
		444	Forearm
		445	Wrist
		446	Hand (except fingers alone)
		447	Fingers
		448	Upper limb, multiple locations
		449	Upper limb, unspecified location
	45	Lower Limb
		451	Hip
		452	Thigh (upper leg)
		453	Knee
		454	Leg (lower leg)
		455	Ankle
		456	Foot (except toes alone)
		457	Toes
		458	Lower Limb, multiple locations
		459	Lower limb, unspecified location 26
	46	Multiple Locations
		461	Head and trunk, head and one or more limbs
		462	Trunk and one or more limbs
		463	One upper limb and one lower limb or more than two limbs
		464	Other multiple locations
		465	Multiple locations, unspecified
	47	General Injuries
[ This group should be used only when the functioning of an active body system has been affected without a specific injury (for example, poisoning, etc); when the systemic damage results from an injury a specific part of the body (for example, a fracture of the spinal column involving injury to the spinal cord) the location of the injury to this part of the body (in this case the spinal column) should be coded ].
		471	Circulatory system in general
		472	Respiratory system in general
		473	Digestive system in general
		474	Nervous system in general
		475	Other general injuries
		476	General injuries, unspecified
	49	Unspecified Location of Injury
(This group should only be used when no information is available to identify the part of the body affected)

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Convener	Representing
Shri P. R. Surendranathan	Directorate General Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes (Ministry of Labour), Bombay
Members
Shri H. Ganapathy (Alternate to Shri P. R. Surendranathan)
Shri Jacob Chacko	Director of Factories & Boilers, Government of Kerala, Trivandrum
Shri Charanjit Lal	Chief Controllerate of Explosives, Nagpur
Shri B. R. Dave (Alternate)
Chief Engineer (Electrical)	Industries Energy and Labour Department, Bombay
Superintending Engineer (Inspection) (Alternate)
Chief Inspector Of Boilers,	Central Boiler Board, New Delhi
Karnataka
Director Mines Safety	Directorate General of Mines Safety, Dhanbad
Deputy Director Of Mines Safety (SG) (Alternate)
V. N. Kholkute	Chief Inspectorate of Factories, Government of Maharashtra, Bombay
Shri G. R. Gujar (Alternate)
Shri R. B. Mathur	Railway Board (Ministry of Railways)
Shri G. B. Menon	Standing Fire Advisory Council, New Delhi
Shri N. C. Mukherjee	National Safety Council, Bombay
Shri N. Raghavan (Alternate)
Shri V. K. Murthy	The Tata Iron & Steel Company Ltd, Jamshedpur
Shri K. N. Bhattacharya (Alternate)

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BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75			Telegrams : Manaksanatha (Common to all offices)
Regional Offices:			Telephones
Central	:	Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI-110002	331 01 31 331 13 75
*Eastern	:	1/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V. 1. P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054	36 24 99
Northern	:	SCO 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036	2 18 43 3 16 41
Southern	:	C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113	41 24 42 41 25 19 41 29 16
†Western	:	Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East), BOMBAY 400093	6 32 92 95
Branch Offices:
‘Pushpak’ Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD 380001			2 63 48 2 63 49
‡Peenya Industrial Area, 1st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road BANGALORE 560058			38 49 55 38 49 56
Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar, BHOPAL 462003			6 67 16
Plot No. 82/83, Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751002			5 36 27
53/5, Ward No. 29, R. G. Barua Road, 5th Byelane, GUWAHATI 781003			3 31 77
5-8-56 C L. N. Gupta Marg (Nampally Station Road), HYDERABAD 500001			23 10 83
R14 Yudhister Marg, C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005			6 34 71 6 98 32
117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005			21 68 76 21 82 92
Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013			6 23 05
T.C. No. 14/1421, University P.O., Palayam TRIVANDRUM 695035			6 21 04 6 21 17
Inspection Office (With Sale Point) :
Pushpanjali, 1st Floor, 205-A West High Court Road, Shankar Nagar Square, NAGPUR 440010			2 51 71
Institution of Engineers (India) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, PUNE 411005			5 24 35
*Sales Office in Calcutta is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P.O. Princep Street, Calcutta 700072			27 68 00
†Sales Office in Bombay is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, Bombay 400007			89 65 28
‡Sales Office in Bangalore is at Unity Building, Narasimharaja Square Bangalore 560002			22 36 71

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