Methods of Monitoring and Analysis
Annex IV
Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes
(Also Please Refer CPCB Guidelines on Methods of Monitoring and Analysis)
Attributes | Sampling | Measurement Method | Remarks | |
A.� Air Environment | Network | Frequency | ||
Meteorological � Wind speed � Wind direction � Dry bulb temperature � Wet bulb temperature � Relative humidity � Rainfall � Solar radiation � Cloud cover � Environmental Lapse Rate | Minimum 1 site in the project impact area | 1 hourly continuous | Mechanical/automatic weather station Rain gauge As per IMD specifications As per IMD specifications Mini Sonde/SODAR | IS 5182 Part 1-20 Site specific primary data is essential Secondary data from IMD, New Delhi CPCB guidelines |
Pollutants � SPM | 10 to 15 locations in the project impact area | 24 hourly twice a week (Please refer | Gravimetric (High-Volume) | Monitoring Network � Minimum 2 locations in upwind side, more sites in downwind side / impact zone |
� RPM | National Ambient Air Quality Standards, CPCB | Gravimetric (High-Volume with Cyclone) | � All the sensitive receptors need to be covered | |
� SO2 | Notification dated 11th April, 1994) | EPA Modified West & Gaeke method | Measurement Methods | |
� NOx | Arsenite modified Jacob & Hochheiser | As per CPCB standards for NAQM, 1994 | ||
� CO | 8 hourly twice a week | NDIR technique | ||
� H2S* | 24 hourly twice a week | Methylene-blue | ||
� NH*3 | Nessler�s method | |||
� HC* | Infra Red analyser | |||
� Fluoride* | Specific Ion meter | |||
� Pb* | ||||
*Project Specific �������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������� ��������
Note: For Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment one complete season data except monsoon is adequate while the comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment Resources coverage of three seasons
Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes
Attributes | Sampling | Measurement Method | Remarks | |
B. Noise | Network | Frequency | ||
� Hourly equivalent noise levels | Identified study area | Once in each season | Instrument : Noise level meter | IS:4954-1968 as adopted by CPCB |
� Hourly equivalent noise levels | Inplant (1.5 metre from machinery) | Once | Instrument : Noise level meter | CPCB/OSHA |
� Hourly equivalent noise levels | Highways | Once in each season | Instrument : Noise level meter | CPCB/IS:4954-1968 |
� Peak particle velocity | 150-200m from blast site | Once | PPV meter | |
C.� Water | ||||
Parameters for water quality � pH, temp, turbidity, magnesium hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, fluoride, sodium, potassium, salinity � Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, DO, BOD, COD, Phenol � Heavy metals � Total coliforms, faecal coliforms � Phyto plankton � Zoo plankton | � Set of grab samples during pre and post-monsoon for ground and surface water for 10 km distance | Diurnal and Season wise | Samples for water quality should be collected and analysed as per : � IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial effluents � Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis published by American Public Health Association. | |
Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes
Attributes | Sampling | Measurement Method | Remarks | |
Network | Frequency | |||
For River Bodies � Total Carbon � pH � Dissolved Oxygen � Biological Oxygen Demand � Free NH4 � Boron � Sodium Absorption Ratio � Electrical Conductivity | � Standard methodology for collection of surface water (BIS standards)� � At least one grab sample per location per season | � Yield of water sources to be measured during critical season � River Stretch within project area be divided in grids (say 1 km length and 1/3 width) and samples should be from each grid at a time when the wastewater discharged by other sources of pollution is expected to be maximum | Samples for water quality should be collected and analysed as per : � IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial effluents � Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis published by American Public Health Association. | Data should be collected from relevant offices such as central water commission, state and central ground water board, Irrigation dept. |
Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes
Attributes | Sampling | Measurement Method | Remarks | ||
Network | Frequency | ||||
Parameters for wastewater characterisation � Temp, colour, odour, turbidity, TSS, TDS � pH, alkalinity as CaCO3, p value, M value, total hardness as CaCO3, chloride as Cl sulphate as SO4, Nitrate as N O3, Fluoride as F, Phosphate as PO4, Chromium as Cr. (Hexavalent, total) Ammonical Nitrogen as N, TKN, % sodium, BOD at 20�C, COD, DO, total residual chlorine as Cl2, oil and grease, sulphide, phenolic compound | � In plant sources � Grab and composite� sampling | � Diurnal and season wise variation | Samples for water quality should be collected and analysed as per : � IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial effluents Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis published by American Public Health Association. | All plant sources categorised as : � Process wastewater � ETP wastewater � Domestic/sanitary wastewater | |
Contd...
�Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes
Attributes | Sampling | Measurement Method | Remarks | |
Network | Frequency | |||
D.� Land Environment | ||||
Soil � Particle size distribution � Texture � pH � Electrical conductivity � Cation exchange capacity � Alkali metals � Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) � Permeability � Water holding capacity � Porosity | One surface sample from each village, (soil samples be collected as per BIS specifications) | Seasonwise | Collected and analysed as per soil analysis reference book, M.I.Jackson and soil analysis reference book by C.A. Black | |
Land use/Landscape � Location code � Total project area � Topography � Drainage (natural) � Cultivated, forest, plantations, water bodies, roads and settlements | At least 20 points along the boundary | Global positioning system Topo sheets Satellite Imageries* (1:25,000) Satellite Imageries* (1:25,000) *Project specific | ||
Contd...
Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes
Attributes | Sampling | Measurement Method | Remarks | |
Network | Frequency | |||
Solid Waste | ||||
Domestic Waste � Per capita contribution � Collection, transport and disposal system � Process waste � Quality (oily, chemical, biological) | Grab and composite samples | Seasonwise | Guidelines IS 9569 : 1980 IS 10447 : 1983 IS 12625 : 1989 IS 12647 : 1989 IS 12662 (PTI) 1989 | |
Quality � Loss on heating � pH � EC � Calorific value, metals etc. | Grab and composite samples | Seasonwise | Analysis IS 9334 : 1979 IS 9235 : 1979 IS 10158 : 1982 | |
Hazardous Waste � Permeability and porosity � Moisture pH � Electrical conductivity � Loss on ignition � Phosphorous � Total nitrogen � Cation exchange capacity � Particle size distribution � Heavy metal � Arsenic � Fluoride | Grab and composite samples | Analysis IS 9334 : 1979 IS 9235 : 1979 IS 10158 : 1982 | ||
Contd...
Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes
Attributes | Sampling | Measurement Method | Remarks | |
Network | Frequency | |||
E.� Biological Environment Aquatic � Primary productivity � Aquatic weeds � Enumeration of phyto plankton, zoo plankton and benthos � Fisheries � Diversity indices � Trophic levels � Rare and endangered species � Marine Parks/ Sanctuaries/ closed areas /coastal regulation zone (CRZ) Terrestrial � Vegetation-species list, economic importance, forest produce, medicinal value � Importance value index (IVI) of trees � Fauna | � Considering probable impact, sampling points and number of samples to be decided on personal judgement within 10/25 km radius from the proposed site � Samples to collect from upstream and downstream of discharge point, nearby tributaries at down stream, and also from dug wells close to activity site | Season wise | Standard techniques (APHA et. al. 1995, Rau and Wooten 1980) to be followed for sampling and measurement | � Seasonal sampling for aquatic biota � One season for terrestrial biota, in addition to vegetation studies during monsoon season � Preliminary assessment � Microscopic analysis of plankton and me bents, studies of macro fauna, aquatic vegetation and application of indices, viz. Shannon, similarity, dominance IVI etc. � Point quarter plot less method for terrestrial vegetation survey |
Contd...
Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes
Attributes | Sampling | Measurement Method | Remarks | |
Network | Frequency | |||
� Avi fauna � Rare and endangered species � Sanctuaries / National park / Biosphere reserve � Migratory routes | � For forest studies, direction of wind should be considered while selecting forests | � Secondary data to collect from Government offices, NGOs, published literature � Plankton net � Sediment dredge � Depth sampler � Microscope � Field binocular | ||
F. socio-economic | ||||
� Demographic structure � Infrastructure resource base � Economic resource base � Health status : Morbidity pattern � Cultural and aesthetic attributes � Education | Socio-economic survey is based on proportionate, stratified and random sampling method | Minimum for two phases of the project | Primary data collection through questionnaire | Secondary data from census records, statistical hard books, topo sheets, health records and relevant official records available with Govt. agencies |