CHLORINE GAS
Per gallon of water treated, possibly the safest form of residual disinfection
Emotion And Misinformation Driving Shift To Alternative Disinfectants
- Ignoring historical facts
- Misguided regulations
- Inaccurate government databases
- “BHOPAL SYNDROME” & worst case scenarios
- Misuse and generic use of the word “Chlorine”
- Safety and health risks associated with the alternatives
A Long History Of Making The Technology Safe
- Vacuum Feed Technology
- Chlorine Institute
- An innovative industry developed many safety devices
Well Intended But Misguided Regulations Are Causing Fear
- RMP
- FIFRA
Government Databases On Chlorine Incidents Are Meaningless
- Release quantities only
- Don’t differentiate between industries
- No injury or death data
- Suspect database info is largely Hypo accidents
We Are Beginning To Collect
Historical Facts Specific To Our Industry
Historical Facts Specific To Our Industry
- Newspaper clippings
- CI and other trade associations
- Membership and end users
Misuse Of The Word “Chlorine”
- 400 “Chlorine” accidents in newspaper
- Media and layperson use “Chlorine” to describe hypo accidents
- 65% of Chlorine accidents are hypo
- 50% of hypo accidents use “Chlorine” in headline
- Damages reputation of Chlorine gas disinfection
Safety issues with alternative disinfectants
- Calcium Hypochlorite: Gas releases, fires, explosions
- Sodium Hypochlorite: gas releases when combined with other chemical
- Onsite generation: Detonation of hydrogen
MEDIA REPORTED “CHLORINE” INCIDENTS
Compressed Chlorine Gas Incidents
- Only 35 to 40% of “chlorine accidents” involve compressed gas
Compressed Chlorine Gas Incidents
Source of Leak
Type Of Vessel Involved
Chlorine Incident Statistics
- Majority of events occurred when the tanks were being changed out.
- Majority of the “quantities released” were less than 25 lbs.
- There were 3 releases over 300 lbs
- 2 water treatment plant operator fatalities since 1979 (both asthmatic)
- Zero offsite fatalities going back to 1959
More Concerns With Alternatives
- Chlorate and Bromate formation are greater concern when using hypo
- CA may require NSF grade salt for onsite generators
- EPA is now beginning to look into the regulation of “reactives”
Chlorine gas is possibly the safest form of disinfection available
- Eliminate emotion
- Clarify misinformation
- Analyze historical data and statistics