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Environmental laws being reviewed to give more teeth: Prakash Javadekar

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Environmental laws being reviewed to give more teeth: Prakash Javadekar

PTI | Mar 28, 2015, 05.33 PM IST

The Centre is reviewing all environmental laws with an aim to give them more teeth and hand severe punishment in cases of encroachment and violation. (Photo for illustration purpose only)
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HYDERABAD: The Centre is reviewing all environmental laws with an aim to give them more teeth and hand severe punishment in cases of encroachment and violation, Union environment minister Prakash Javadekar said on Saturday.

Speaking to PTI here, Javadekar said two Forest Acts, and one each in environment protection, air, water and bio-diversity govern the whole environmental regime.

"We are reviewing all these laws to make people participatory in it ... make them more meaningful and give more teeth. Instances of violations and encroachments will be severely punished," he said.

The minister said the government will come out with draft laws after completing the review work, he said.

Earlier, interacting with joggers at KBR Park here, Javadekar said India is currently faced with the problem of shrinking space and limited resources.

"We (India) are just 2.5 per cent of the world's land mass, and we are 17 per cent of the (global) human population and 70 per cent of cattle population. It's a huge pressure on land resources," he added.






Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Apr 05, 2015

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Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada    Dated :Apr 05, 2015
Kakinada
Past 24 Hours Weather Data
Maximum Temp(oC)37.3
Departure from Normal(oC)1
Minimum Temp (oC)27.5
Departure from Normal(oC)2
24 Hours Rainfall (mm)NIL
Todays Sunset (IST)18:15
Tommorows Sunrise (IST)05:53
Moonset (IST)06:18
Moonrise (IST)19:02
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be partly cloudy. Maximum and minimum temperatures would be around 37& 27 degrees celsius respectively.
Date Temperature ( o C ) Weather Forecast
Minimum Maximum
06-Apr 27.0 38.0 Partly cloudy sky
07-Apr 27.0 38.0 Partly cloudy sky
08-Apr 26.0 37.0 Partly cloudy sky
09-Apr 26.0 37.0 Partly cloudy sky
10-Apr 26.0 37.0 Partly cloudy sky
11-Apr 26.0 37.0 Partly cloudy sky







Actual
Average
Record
Temperature

Mean Temperature
32 °C
-

Max Temperature
37 °C
-
- ()
Min Temperature
27 °C
-
- ()
Cooling Degree Days
25


Growing Degree Days
40 (Base 50)


Moisture

Dew Point
26 °C


Average Humidity
74


Maximum Humidity
92


Minimum Humidity
39


Precipitation

Precipitation
0.0 mm
-
- ()
Sea Level Pressure

Sea Level Pressure
1006.62 hPa


Wind

Wind Speed
2 km/h ()


Max Wind Speed
7 km/h


Max Gust Speed
-


Visibility
7.0 kilometers


Events
 



T = Trace of Precipitation, MM = Missing Value
Source: Averaged Metar Reports
Daily Weather History Graph


Monthly


Monthly Weather History Graph



Spoke on several issues relating to the environment & launched National Air Quality Index at the conference today

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Prime Minister's Office06-April, 2015 12:45 IST
PM inaugurates Conference of State Environment and Forest Ministers


• India should be a global leader in the fight against climate change

• World should allow us to import nuclear fuel in order to produce clean nuclear energy

• India focused on generation of solar, wind and biomass energy.

• Misconceptions being spread on Land Acquisition Bill are harming the nation


The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, today said, India, which has had a long tradition of living in harmony with nature, should lead the global fight against climate change. Inaugurating the Conference of State Environment and Forest Ministers in New Delhi today, the Prime Minister expressed disappointment that India's culture of respecting and loving nature has not been sufficiently projected on the global arena, and the country is occasionally perceived to be a barrier in the global fight against climate change.

The Prime Minister said the people of India have been the protectors and devotees of nature. He said we need to project this fact properly, so that the world realizes that India cannot be questioned in this regard. He said Indians have always conserved nature, and even today, have among the lowest per-capita carbon emission, globally. He said the way forward is not just restrictions, but changing lifestyles. He said the culture of recycle and re-use is not new for India. Instead of being forced to follow parameters laid down by others, India should lead the world in the fight against climate change, he added.

Shri Narendra Modi said development and environment protection can go hand in hand, but there are serious misconceptions being spread in this regard. Giving the example of the Land Acquisition Bill, he said the provisions of the Bill do not touch tribal and forest land. But serious misconceptions and lies are being spread about this Bill. He urged those spreading such lies, to desist from doing so, and said these attempts to misguide society are harming the nation.



PM Inaugurates Conference of State Environment and Forest Ministers, says India should be a Global Leader in Fight Against Climate Change

• World should Allow us to Import Nuclear Fuel in Order to Produce Clean Nuclear Energy

• Misconceptions Beingspread on Land Acquisition Bill are Harming the Nation

Need to take Policy-Based Decisions: Javadekar

The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, today said, India, which has had a long tradition of living in harmony with nature, should lead the global fight against climate change. Inaugurating the Conference of State Environment and Forest Ministers in New Delhi today, the Prime Minister expressed disappointment that India's culture of respecting and loving nature has not been sufficiently projected on the global arena, and the country is occasionally perceived to be a barrier in the global fight against climate change. The Prime Minister said the people of India have been the protectors and devotees of nature. He said we need to project this fact properly, so that the world realizes that India cannot be questioned in this regard. He said Indians have always conserved nature, and even today, have among the lowest per-capita carbon emission, globally. He said the way forward is not just restrictions, but changing lifestyles. He said the culture of recycle and re-use is not new for India. Instead of being forced to follow parameters laid down by others, India should lead the world in the fight against climate change, he added.

Shri Narendra Modi said development and environment protection can go hand in hand, but there are serious misconceptions being spread in this regard. Giving the example of the Land Acquisition Bill, he said the provisions of the Bill do not touch tribal and forest land. But serious misconceptions and lies are being spread about this Bill. He urged those spreading such lies, to desist from doing so, and said these attempts to misguide society are harming the nation.

The Prime Minister called upon the world to ease restrictions for India on import of nuclear fuel, so that India could also produce clean nuclear energy in a big way. He said the Government is focusing on clean energy generation in a big way, through solar radiation, wind and biomass.

Earlier, the Prime Minister visited an exhibition at the Conference venue. He released a "Standard Terms of Reference for Environment Impact Analysis", which was described by the Union Environment Minister Shri Prakash Javadekar as a step that would contribute to "ease of doing business." The Prime Minister also launched a National Air Quality Index, which will monitor the quality of air in major urban centres across the country on a real-time basis. The ten cities where the quality of air can be monitored are Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow, Varanasi, Faridabad, Ahmedabad, Chennai, Bangalore and Ahmedabad. It is proposed to extend the measurement of air quality to 22 State capitals and 44 other cities with a population exceeding one million.

In his welcome speech, Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Independent Charge, Shri Prakash Javadekar emphasised the transformation from individual project-based approach to a policy-based decision making process. He also stressed the need for monitoring and compliance, rather than merely prescribing conditions.

Taking cognisance of the hazards posed by construction waste, Shri Javadekar assured that rules for construction waste would be finalised within 15 days. He stated that Standard Terms of Reference for 39 industries, released earlier by the Prime Minister will bring down the time-span of granting approvals from six months to one year earlier, to 30 days now. The Minister reiterated the government’s commitment to the Mission of Clean India and Green India. Shri Javadekar also presented a ‘Giloi’ plant to the Prime Minister on the occasion. Artists from All India Radio presented a “Prakriti Vandana’ as a tribute to the nature, penned by Smt. Madhu Pant, former director of Bal Bhawan.

The Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Shri Ashok Lavasa delivered the vote of thanks. The Conference is being attended by 34 State Ministers of Environment and Forest, as well as 340 senior State government officials from Environment and Forest and Urban Development. Principal Secretary to Prime Minister, Shri Nripendra Mishra and Cabinet Secretary, Shri Ajit Seth were among those present on the occasion.

The two-day Conference would deliberate upon a wide range of issues including waste to wealth, ease of doing business and HLC Report, forest, wildlife and GIM issues, pollution-related issues, biodiversity and climate change and Eco-Sensitive Zones, including Western Ghats. The discussions during the Conference are of prime importance, as the suggestions made by the States will go a long way in developing a practicable and implementable environmental policy regime for the country.

The Conference provides the States an opportunity to share the best practices on various laws, rules and procedures related to environment. It is the first such Conference being organized after the new Government assumed office under the leadership of the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi.

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HK
(Release ID :117973)

Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Apr 06, 2015

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Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada    Dated :Apr 06, 2015
Kakinada
Past 24 Hours Weather Data
Maximum Temp(oC)36.5
Departure from Normal(oC)1
Minimum Temp (oC)26.4
Departure from Normal(oC)0
24 Hours Rainfall (mm)NIL
Todays Sunset (IST)18:15
Tommorows Sunrise (IST)05:52
Moonset (IST)06:58
Moonrise (IST)19:52
Today's Forecast:Sky Condition would be Partly cloudy. Maximum and Minimum Temperatures would be around 37 and 26 Degrees Celsius respectively.
Date Temperature ( o C ) Weather Forecast
Minimum Maximum
07-Apr 26.0 37.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development
08-Apr 27.0 37.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development
09-Apr 26.0 38.0 Partly cloudy sky
10-Apr 26.0 38.0 Partly cloudy sky
11-Apr 26.0 37.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development
12-Apr 26.0 37.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development






Actual
Average
Record
Temperature

Mean Temperature
31 °C
-

Max Temperature
36 °C
-
- ()
Min Temperature
26 °C
-
- ()
Cooling Degree Days
23


Growing Degree Days
38 (Base 50)


Moisture

Dew Point
25 °C


Average Humidity
72


Maximum Humidity
95


Minimum Humidity
40


Precipitation

Precipitation
0.0 mm
-
- ()
Sea Level Pressure

Sea Level Pressure
1007.37 hPa


Wind

Wind Speed
2 km/h ()


Max Wind Speed
7 km/h


Max Gust Speed
-


Visibility
7.0 kilometers


Events
 



T = Trace of Precipitation, MM = Missing Value
Source: Averaged Metar Reports
Daily Weather History Graph


Daily Weather History Graph
 

  today 7 April prediction



 Monthly Weather History Graph






Revival of the Barauni and Gorakhpur Fertilizer Units

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Revival of the Barauni and Gorakhpur Fertilizer Units
The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, today gave its approval for the revival of the closed unit of the Barauni of the Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation Ltd. (HFCL) and Gorakhpur Fertilizer Unit of Fertilizers Corporation India Limited.

These units were lying defunct and were not in operation since 2004. Therefore, the units and other facilities were lying unutilized. It is important to mention here that there is no indigenous urea units in the Eastern part of the country except a small unit at Namrup - Assam. There has been no Greenfield or Brownfield urea unit in last 19 years. The total requirement of urea in the country is around 300 Lakh MetricTonne (LMT) out of which 220-230 LMT of urea is produced annually from the indigenous urea units and balance is being met from the international market at Western and Eastern Ports. The demand of urea of the Eastern region, at present is being met either from the Western ports or from the units located in Western and Central India involving long distance transportation. Long distance transportation of urea riddled with high expenditure in terms of high freight subsidy as well as logistics problems. The revival of these units will ensure timely availability of urea from these units to the eastern region. Apart from growth of the regional economy of the country, each unit will be revived through bidding route with an approximate investment of Rs. 5000 – 6000 crore, and create employment opportunity for 500 direct and 2500 indirect workers.

This decision along with the CCEA’s decision today on gas pooling for the urea sector will enable these units to get gas at pooled price on their revival, making them globally competitive
 Revival of the Barauni and Gorakhpur Fertilizer Units

System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research –Air

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System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research –Air
Earth System Science Organization- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (ESSO-IITM), Pune has launched a mobile Application “System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research –Air” (SAFAR-Air) for Delhi and Pune. This app can be downloaded from the website: http://safar.tropmet.res.in/ . The SAFAR-Air launched on 17th February 2015 provides site specific information on Air Quality in near real time and its forecast for the next 24 hours. There is proposal to extend this SAFAR-Air facility for Mumbai.
This information was given by the Minister of State for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences Shri Y. S. Chowdary in the Lok Sabha today.
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KSP/SRD

Sri Dakshina Murthy Swamy Vari 3rd anniversary Utsavam held on 06.04.2015

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Dakshinamurthy Stotram - Vishwam Darpana Drishyamana - in sanskrit with meaning
- composed by Sri Adi Shankaracharya
दक्षिणामूर्ति स्तोत्रम्
Dakshinamurthy Stotram
Sri Dakshinamurthy
Sri Dakshinamurthy
ध्यानं
Sri Dakshinamurthy
मौनव्याख्या प्रकटित परब्रह्मतत्त्वं युवानं
वर्षिष्ठांते वसद् ऋषिगणौः आवृतं ब्रह्मनिष्ठैः ।
आचार्येन्द्रं करकलित चिन्मुद्रमानंदमूर्तिं
स्वात्मारामं मुदितवदनं दक्षिणामूर्तिमीडे ॥१॥
Mauna-Vyaakhyaa Prakattita Para-Brahma-Tattvam Yuvaanam
Varssisstthaam-Te Vasad Rssigannauh Aavrtam Brahma-Nisstthaih |
Aacaarye[a-I]ndram Kara-Kalita Cin-Mudram-Aananda-Muurtim
Sva-[A]atmaaraamam Mudita-Vadanam Dakssinnaamuurti-Miidde ||1||
Meaning:
1: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy) Whose Exposition through Profound Silence is Awakening the Knowledge of the Supreme Brahman in the Hearts of His Disciples; Who is Himself Youthful ...
2: ... but is Sitting Surrounded by Old and Great Sages who are Devoted to Brahman,
3: The Hands of the Supreme Spiritual Teacher is Forming the Cin-Mudra (gesture of the Knowledge of Brahman) and Whose Appearance is Still and Blissful,
4: Who is Rejoicing in His Own Self which is reflected on His Blissful Face; Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy.
Sri Dakshinamurthy
वटविटपिसमीपेभूमिभागे निषण्णं
सकलमुनिजनानां ज्ञानदातारमारात् ।
त्रिभुवनगुरुमीशं दक्षिणामूर्तिदेवं
जननमरणदुःखच्छेद दक्षं नमामि ॥२॥
Vatta-Vittapi-Samiipe-Bhuumi-Bhaage Nissannnnam
Sakala-Muni-Janaanaam Jnyaana-Daataaram-Aaraat |
Tri-Bhuvana-Gurum-Iisham Dakssinnaamuurti-Devam
Janana-Maranna-Duhkhac-Cheda Dakssam Namaami ||2||
Meaning:
2.1: Sitting on the ground near the Banyan Tree, ...
2.2: ... were all Munis (Sages), who were (sitting) near to the bestower of Knowledge, ...
2.3: ... who were (sitting) near to the Guru of the Three Worlds, the Lord Himself, personified as Dakshinamurthy Deva, ...
2.4: ... who were (sitting) near to the one, expert in severing the sorrows resulting from the cycles of Births and Deaths; I bow to that Dakshinamurthy.
Sri Dakshinamurthy
चित्रं वटतरोर्मूले वृद्धाः शिष्या गुरुर्युवा ।
गुरोस्तु मौनं व्याख्यानं शिष्यास्तुच्छिन्नसंशयाः ॥३॥
Citram Vatta-Taror-Muule Vrddhaah Shissyaa Gurur-Yuvaa |
Guros-Tu Maunam Vyaakhyaanam Shissyaas-Tuc-Chinna-Samshayaah ||3||
Meaning:
3.1: It is indeed a strange picture to behold; At the root (i.e. base) of a Banyan Tree are seated old Disciples (i.e. aged Disciples) in front of an Young Guru,
3.2: The Guru is Silent, and Silence is His exposition (of the Highest Knowledge); and that (Silence) is severing the doubts (automatically) from the minds of the Disciples.
Sri Dakshinamurthy
निधये सर्वविद्यानां भिषजे भवरोगिणाम् ।
गुरवे सर्वलोकानां दक्षिणामूर्तये नमः ॥४॥
Nidhaye Sarva-Vidyaanaam Bhissaje Bhava-Roginnaam |
Gurave Sarva-Lokaanaam Dakssinnaamuurtaye Namah ||4||
Meaning:
4.1: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy) Who is a receptacle to all Knowledge, Who is a Medicine to all the diseases of Worldly bondage,
4.2: Who is a Guru to all the Worlds; Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy.
Sri Dakshinamurthy
ॐ नमः प्रणवार्थाय शुद्धज्ञानैकमूर्तये ।
निर्मलाय प्रशान्ताय दक्षिणामूर्तये नमः ॥५॥
Om Namah Prannava-Arthaaya Shuddha-Jnyaanai[a-E]ka-Muurtaye |
Nirmalaaya Prashaantaaya Dakssinnaamuurtaye Namah ||5||
Meaning:
5.1: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy) Salutations to the embodiment of Pranava (Om), Salutations to the personification of the Pure, Non-Dual Knowledge,
5.2: Salutations to the Pure and Stainless, and Salutations to the Tranquil; Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy.
Sri Dakshinamurthy
चिद्घनाय महेशाय वटमूलनिवासिने ।
सच्चिदानन्दरूपाय दक्षिणामूर्तये नमः ॥६॥
Cid-Ghanaaya Mahe[aa-Ii]shaaya Vatta-Muula-Nivaasine |
Sac-Cid-Aananda-Ruupaaya Dakssinnaamuurtaye Namah ||6||
Meaning:
6.1: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy) Salutations to the one Who is (as if) Consciousness Solidified, Salutations to the Mahesha (the Great God), Salutations to the One Who dwell at the root (i.e. base) of the Banyan Tree,
6.2: Salutations to the embodiment of Sacchidananda (Existence, Consciousness, Bliss); Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy.
Sri Dakshinamurthy
ईश्वरो गुरुरात्मेति मूर्तिभेदविभागिने ।
व्योमवद् व्याप्तदेहाय दक्षिणामूर्तये नमः ॥७॥
Iishvaro Gurur-Aatme[a-I]ti Muurti-Bheda-Vibhaagine |
Vyoma-Vad Vyaapta-Dehaaya Dakssinnaamuurtaye Namah ||7||
Meaning:
7.1: "Ishwara - Guru - Atman"; (Underlying) these different forms of (apparent) separation, ...
7.2: ... like a Sky (i.e. Spiritual Sky or Chidakasha) Who pervades, Salutations to that Dakshinamurthy.
स्तोत्रम्
Sri Dakshinamurthy
विश्वं दर्पणदृश्यमाननगरीतुल्यं निजान्तर्गतं
पश्यन्नात्मनि मायया बहिरिवोद्भूतं यथा निद्रया ।
यः साक्षात्कुरुते प्रबोधसमये स्वात्मानमेवाद्वयं
तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥१॥
Vishvam Darpanna-Drshyamaana-Nagarii-Tulyam Nija-Antargatam
Pashyann-Aatmani Maayayaa Bahir-Ivo[a-U]dbhuutam Yathaa Nidrayaa |
Yah Saakssaat-Kurute Prabodha-Samaye Sva-[A]atmaanam-Eva-Advayam
Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||1||
Meaning:
(Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence)
1.1: The Entire World is Like a City Seen within a Mirror, the Seeing happening within One's Own Being,
1.2: It is a Witnessing happening within the Atman, (the Witnessing) of the Externally Projected World; Projected by the Power of Maya; As if a Dream in Sleep,
1.3: One Experiences this Directly (this Play of Maya) during Spiritual Awakening within the Non-Dual Expanse of One's Own Atman,
1.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.
Sri Dakshinamurthy
बीजस्याऽन्तरिवाङ्कुरो जगदिदं प्राङ्गनिर्विकल्पं पुनः
मायाकल्पितदेशकालकलना वैचित्र्यचित्रीकृतम् ।
मायावीव विजृम्भयत्यपि महायोगीव यः स्वेच्छया
तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥२॥
Biijasya-Antar-Iva-Angkuro Jagad[t]-Idam Praangga-Nirvikalpam Punah
Maayaa-Kalpita-Desha-Kaala-Kalanaa Vaicitrya-Citrii-Krtam |
Maayaavi-Iva Vijrmbhayaty-Api Mahaa-Yogi-Iva Yah Sve[a-I]cchayaa
Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||2||
Meaning:
(Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence)
2.1: This World is Like a Sprout of a Seed Within which transforms what is Changeless state Before, appear Again ...
2.2: ... as Space and Time, and endless Varieties of Pictures over it; all due to the Creation of Maya,
2.3: This Unfolding of the World (from the Seed) which is Like a Play of a Magician, happens to one Who is Like a Mahayogi out of His Own Free Will (i.e. a Mahayogi can enter the state of Samadhi out of his own free will and witness the unfolding of the world when He comes out of Samadhi),
2.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.
Sri Dakshinamurthy
यस्यैव स्फुरणं सदात्मकमसत्कल्पार्थकं भासते
साक्षात्तत्त्वमसीति वेदवचसा यो बोधयत्याश्रितान् ।
यत्साक्षात्करणाद्भवेन्न पुनरावृत्तिर्भवाम्भोनिधौ
तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥३॥
Yasya-Eva Sphurannam Sada[a-A]atmakam-Asat-Kalpa-Arthakam Bhaasate
Saakssaat-Tat-Tvam-Asi-Iti Veda-Vacasaa Yo Bodhayaty-Aashritaan |
Yat-Saakssaat-Karannaad-Bhaven-Na Punaraavrttir-Bhavaam-Bho-Nidhau
Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||3||
Meaning:
(Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence)
3.1: By This Throb Alone which is of the Nature of Eternal Underlying Awareness, the Unreal Forms get their Meanings and Appear over the Mind,
3.2: This Knowledge of the Atman Spoken of in the Vedas as "Tat-Tvam-Asi" is Imparted by Our Inner Guru as a Direct Experience when we Surrender Whole-Heartedly to Him,
3.3: By Direct Experience of this Knowledge, the Delusion of being tossed within an unending Ocean of Worldly Existence will Not Appear Again,
3.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.
Sri Dakshinamurthy
नानाच्छिद्रघटोदरस्थितमहादीपप्रभा भास्वरं
ज्ञानं यस्य तु चक्षुरादिकरणद्वारा वहिः स्पन्दते ।
जानामीति तमेव भान्तमनुभात्येतत्समस्तं जगत्
तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥४॥
Naanaac-Chidra-Ghatto[a-U]dara-Sthita-Mahaa-Diipa-Prabhaa Bhaasvaram
Jnyaanam Yasya Tu Cakssur-Aadi-Karanna-Dvaaraa Vahih Spandate |
Jaanaam-Iiti Tam-Eva Bhaantam-Anubhaaty-Etat-Samastam Jagat
Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||4||
Meaning:
(Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence)
4.1: As the Light of a Great Lamp Situated Inside a Pitcher having Many Holes, Shine Outwards, ...
4.2: ... similarly, the Knowledge of That Only (i.e. Atman) Throb Outwards through our Eyes and Other Sense Organs,
4.3: "I Know", He Alone Shining (i.e Atman), This Entire World Shines ...
4.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.
Sri Dakshinamurthy
देहं प्राणमपीन्द्रियाण्यपि चलां बुद्धिं च शून्यं विदुः
स्त्रीबालान्धजडोपमास्त्वहमिति भ्रान्ता भृशं वादिनः ।
मायाशक्तिविलासकल्पितमहाव्यामोहसंहारिणो
तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥५॥
Deham Praannam-Api-Indriyaanny-Api Calaam Buddhim Ca Shuunyam Viduh
Strii-Baala-Andha-Jaddo(a-U)pamaas-tv[u-]Aham-Iti Bhraantaa Bhrsham Vaadinah |
Maayaa-Shakti-Vilaasa-Kalpita-Mahaa-Vyaamoha-Samhaarinno
Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||5||
Meaning:
(Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence)
5.1: Those who Consider the Body or Prana (Vital Force) or Sense Organs or the Changing Mind or the Void (Total Non-Existence) ...
5.2: ... as the "I", are Like a Naive Innocent Girl Child, or a Blind, or a Dull-Headed; they are Deluded but they Vehemently Assert their Points,
5.3: The Inner Guru Destroys this Great Delusion Created by the Play of the Power of Maya,
5.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.
Sri Dakshinamurthy
राहुग्रस्तदिवाकरेन्दुसदृशो मायासमाच्छादनात्
सन्मात्रः करणोपसंहरणतो योऽभूत्सुषुप्तः पुमान् ।
प्रागस्वाप्समिति प्रबोधसमये यः प्रत्यभिज्ञायते
तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥६॥
Raahu-Grasta-Divaakare[a-I]ndu-Sadrsho Maayaa-Sama-[A]acchaadanaat
San-Maatrah Karanno[a-U]pasangharannato Yo(a-A]bhuut-Sussuptah Pumaan |
Praag-Asvaapsam-Iti Prabodha-Samaye Yah Pratyabhijnyaayate
Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||6||
Meaning:
(Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence)
6.1: Just Like the Sun and the Moon are Eclipsed by Rahu, the Pure Consciousness is Eclipsed by Maya (for a spiritually ignorant person),
6.2: A Spiritually Elevated Soul can enter that state of Unborn Deep Sleep (i.e. Pure Consciousness) by Withdrawing His Sense Organs to such an extent that Only the Real Essence remains,
6.3: That state (i.e. Pure Consciousness) is experienced during Spiritual Awakening whereby one clearly Perceives that "Before I was Sleeping" (by being eclipsed by Maya),
6.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.
Sri Dakshinamurthy
बाल्यादिष्वपि जाग्रदादिषु तथा सर्वास्ववस्थास्वपि
व्यावृत्तास्वनुवर्तमानमहमित्यन्तः स्फुरन्तं सदा ।
स्वात्मानं प्रकटीकरोति भजतां यो मुद्रयाभद्रया
तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥७॥
Baalya-Adissv(u)-Api Jaagrad-Aadissu Tathaa Sarvaasv[u]-Avasthaasv[u]-Api
Vyaavrttaasv[u]-Anu-Vartamaanam-Aham-Ity[i]-Antah Sphurantam Sadaa |
Sva-[A]atmaanam Prakattii-Karoti Bhajataam Yo Mudrayaa-Bhadrayaa
Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||7||
Meaning:
(Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence)
7.1: During Boyhood and Other stages of Life (Youth, Old age etc), during Waking and Other states (Dreaming, Deep Sleep, Turiya etc) and Similarly in All Conditions ...
7.2: ... the Atman Always Shines as the "I" Within, Free from All Conditions but at the same time Present in All Conditions,
7.3: The Inner Guru Awakens this Knowledge of One's Own Atman to those who Surrender to Him; this Knowledge which is represented by the Auspicious Cin-Mudra,
7.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.
Sri Dakshinamurthy
विश्वं पश्यति कार्यकारणतया स्वस्वामिसम्बन्धतः
शिष्याचार्यतया तथैव पितृपुत्राद्यात्मना भेदतः ।
स्वप्ने जाग्रति वा य एष पुरुषो मायापरिभ्रामितः
तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥८॥
Vishvam Pashyati Kaarya-Kaaranna-Tayaa Svasvaami-Sambandhatah
Shissya-[A]acaarya-Tayaa Tatha-Eva Pitr-Putraady[i]-Aatmanaa Bhedatah |
Svapne Jaagrati Vaa Ya Essa Purusso Maayaa-Paribhraamitah
Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||8||
Meaning:
(Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence)
8.1: The Differentiations that we See in the World as Cause and Effect, as Possessor-Possession Relations, ...
8.2: ... as the Disciple-Teacher, and Also as Father-Son Relations etc, are all Differentiations within the One Atman,
8.3: In Dream or Waking state, He, the One Purusha is always present, and (as if) Maya Wanders over Him and gives rise to all these Differentiations,
8.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.
Sri Dakshinamurthy
भूरम्भांस्यनलोऽनिलोऽम्बरमहर्नाथो हिमांशु पुमान्
इत्याभाति चराचरात्मकमिदं यस्यैव मूर्त्यष्टकम्
नान्यत् किञ्चन विद्यते विमृशतां यस्मात्परस्माद्विभोः
तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥९॥
Bhuur-Ambhaamsy-Analo-[A]nilo-[A]mbaram-Aharnaatho Himaamshu Pumaan
Ity[i]-Aabhaati Cara-Acara-[A]atmakam-Idam Yasya-Eva Muurty[i]-Assttakam
Naanyat Kin.cana Vidyate Vimrshataam Yasmaat-Parasmaad-Vibhoh
Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||9||
Meaning:
(Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence)
9.1: Earth, Water, Fire, Air, Space, Sun, Moon and Jiva, ...
9.2: ... are Verily His (i.e. Atman's) Eight Manifestations Shining within the Moving and the Non-Moving forms,
9.3: Apart from Him (i.e. Atman) there Cannot Exist anything; The Yogis who Reflect (i.e. Meditate) within Discover Him as the Essence From Which Everything Originates, ... Discover Him as Existing Beyond Everything as the Eternal Essence,
9.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.
Sri Dakshinamurthy
सर्वात्मत्वमिति स्फुटीकृतमिदं यस्मादमुष्मिन् स्तवे
तेनास्य श्रवणात्तदर्थमननाद्ध्यानाच्च संकीर्तनात् ।
सर्वात्मत्वमहाविभूतिसहितं स्यादीश्वरत्वं स्वतः
सिद्ध्येत्तत्पुनरष्टधा परिणतं चैश्वर्यमव्याहतम् ॥१०॥
Sarva-[A]atmatvam-Iti Sphuttii-Krtam-Idam Yasmaad-Amussmin Stave
Tena-Asya Shravannaat-Tadartha-Mananaad-Dhyaanaac-Ca Sangkiirtanaat |
Sarva-(A)atmatva-Mahaa-Vibhuuti-Sahitam Syaad-Iishvaratvam Svatah
Siddhyet-Tat-Punar-Assttadhaa Parinnatam Ca-[A]ishvaryam-Avyaahatam ||10||
Meaning:
(Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence)
10.1: Since the Divine Essence in All is Made Clear in this Hymn,
10.2: Hence by Listening to It, Contemplating on its Meaning, Meditating on It, and Glorifying it,
10.3: One becomes Endowed with the Greatness of the Knowledge of the Divine Essence ( present in All ); Perhaps the Divine Essence by Itself ...
10.4: ... will Awaken within him after that Again, the Eightfold Manifestations of Divine Powers (Siddhis) Unimpeded.

'Dakshinamurthy Stotram - Vishwam Darpana Drishyamana - in sanskrit with meaning  - composed by Sri Adi Shankaracharya  दक्षिणामूर्ति   स्तोत्रम् Dakshinamurthy Stotram Sri Dakshinamurthy Sri Dakshinamurthy   ध्यानं  Sri Dakshinamurthy मौनव्याख्या प्रकटित परब्रह्मतत्त्वं युवानं वर्षिष्ठांते वसद् ऋषिगणौः आवृतं ब्रह्मनिष्ठैः । आचार्येन्द्रं करकलित चिन्मुद्रमानंदमूर्तिं स्वात्मारामं मुदितवदनं दक्षिणामूर्तिमीडे ॥१॥ Mauna-Vyaakhyaa Prakattita Para-Brahma-Tattvam Yuvaanam Varssisstthaam-Te Vasad Rssigannauh Aavrtam Brahma-Nisstthaih | Aacaarye[a-I]ndram Kara-Kalita Cin-Mudram-Aananda-Muurtim Sva-[A]atmaaraamam Mudita-Vadanam Dakssinnaamuurti-Miidde ||1||  Meaning: 1: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy) Whose Exposition through Profound Silence is Awakening the Knowledge of the Supreme Brahman in the Hearts of His Disciples; Who is Himself Youthful ... 2: ... but is Sitting Surrounded by Old and Great Sages who are Devoted to Brahman, 3: The Hands of the Supreme Spiritual Teacher is Forming the Cin-Mudra (gesture of the Knowledge of Brahman) and Whose Appearance is Still and Blissful, 4: Who is Rejoicing in His Own Self which is reflected on His Blissful Face; Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy.  Sri Dakshinamurthy वटविटपिसमीपेभूमिभागे निषण्णं सकलमुनिजनानां ज्ञानदातारमारात् । त्रिभुवनगुरुमीशं दक्षिणामूर्तिदेवं जननमरणदुःखच्छेद दक्षं नमामि ॥२॥ Vatta-Vittapi-Samiipe-Bhuumi-Bhaage Nissannnnam Sakala-Muni-Janaanaam Jnyaana-Daataaram-Aaraat | Tri-Bhuvana-Gurum-Iisham Dakssinnaamuurti-Devam Janana-Maranna-Duhkhac-Cheda Dakssam Namaami ||2||  Meaning: 2.1: Sitting on the ground near the Banyan Tree, ... 2.2: ... were all Munis (Sages), who were (sitting) near to the bestower of Knowledge, ... 2.3: ... who were (sitting) near to the Guru of the Three Worlds, the Lord Himself, personified as Dakshinamurthy Deva, ... 2.4: ... who were (sitting) near to the one, expert in severing the sorrows resulting from the cycles of Births and Deaths; I bow to that Dakshinamurthy.  Sri Dakshinamurthy चित्रं वटतरोर्मूले वृद्धाः शिष्या गुरुर्युवा । गुरोस्तु मौनं व्याख्यानं शिष्यास्तुच्छिन्नसंशयाः ॥३॥ Citram Vatta-Taror-Muule Vrddhaah Shissyaa Gurur-Yuvaa | Guros-Tu Maunam Vyaakhyaanam Shissyaas-Tuc-Chinna-Samshayaah ||3||  Meaning: 3.1: It is indeed a strange picture to behold; At the root (i.e. base) of a Banyan Tree are seated old Disciples (i.e. aged Disciples) in front of an Young Guru, 3.2: The Guru is Silent, and Silence is His exposition (of the Highest Knowledge); and that (Silence) is severing the doubts (automatically) from the minds of the Disciples.  Sri Dakshinamurthy निधये सर्वविद्यानां भिषजे भवरोगिणाम् । गुरवे सर्वलोकानां दक्षिणामूर्तये नमः ॥४॥ Nidhaye Sarva-Vidyaanaam Bhissaje Bhava-Roginnaam | Gurave Sarva-Lokaanaam Dakssinnaamuurtaye Namah ||4||  Meaning: 4.1: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy) Who is a receptacle to all Knowledge, Who is a Medicine to all the diseases of Worldly bondage, 4.2: Who is a Guru to all the Worlds; Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy.  Sri Dakshinamurthy ॐ नमः प्रणवार्थाय शुद्धज्ञानैकमूर्तये । निर्मलाय प्रशान्ताय दक्षिणामूर्तये नमः ॥५॥ Om Namah Prannava-Arthaaya Shuddha-Jnyaanai[a-E]ka-Muurtaye | Nirmalaaya Prashaantaaya Dakssinnaamuurtaye Namah ||5||  Meaning: 5.1: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy) Salutations to the embodiment of Pranava (Om), Salutations to the personification of the Pure, Non-Dual Knowledge, 5.2: Salutations to the Pure and Stainless, and Salutations to the Tranquil; Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy.  Sri Dakshinamurthy चिद्घनाय महेशाय वटमूलनिवासिने । सच्चिदानन्दरूपाय दक्षिणामूर्तये नमः ॥६॥ Cid-Ghanaaya Mahe[aa-Ii]shaaya Vatta-Muula-Nivaasine | Sac-Cid-Aananda-Ruupaaya Dakssinnaamuurtaye Namah ||6||  Meaning: 6.1: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy) Salutations to the one Who is (as if) Consciousness Solidified, Salutations to the Mahesha (the Great God), Salutations to the One Who dwell at the root (i.e. base) of the Banyan Tree, 6.2: Salutations to the embodiment of Sacchidananda (Existence, Consciousness, Bliss); Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy.  Sri Dakshinamurthy ईश्वरो गुरुरात्मेति मूर्तिभेदविभागिने । व्योमवद् व्याप्तदेहाय दक्षिणामूर्तये नमः ॥७॥ Iishvaro Gurur-Aatme[a-I]ti Muurti-Bheda-Vibhaagine | Vyoma-Vad Vyaapta-Dehaaya Dakssinnaamuurtaye Namah ||7||  Meaning: 7.1: "Ishwara - Guru - Atman"; (Underlying) these different forms of (apparent) separation, ... 7.2: ... like a Sky (i.e. Spiritual Sky or Chidakasha) Who pervades, Salutations to that Dakshinamurthy.  स्तोत्रम्  Sri Dakshinamurthy विश्वं दर्पणदृश्यमाननगरीतुल्यं निजान्तर्गतं पश्यन्नात्मनि मायया बहिरिवोद्भूतं यथा निद्रया । यः साक्षात्कुरुते प्रबोधसमये स्वात्मानमेवाद्वयं तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥१॥ Vishvam Darpanna-Drshyamaana-Nagarii-Tulyam Nija-Antargatam Pashyann-Aatmani Maayayaa Bahir-Ivo[a-U]dbhuutam Yathaa Nidrayaa | Yah Saakssaat-Kurute Prabodha-Samaye Sva-[A]atmaanam-Eva-Advayam Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||1||  Meaning: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence) 1.1: The Entire World is Like a City Seen within a Mirror, the Seeing happening within One's Own Being, 1.2: It is a Witnessing happening within the Atman, (the Witnessing) of the Externally Projected World; Projected by the Power of Maya; As if a Dream in Sleep, 1.3: One Experiences this Directly (this Play of Maya) during Spiritual Awakening within the Non-Dual Expanse of One's Own Atman, 1.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.  Sri Dakshinamurthy बीजस्याऽन्तरिवाङ्कुरो जगदिदं प्राङ्गनिर्विकल्पं पुनः मायाकल्पितदेशकालकलना वैचित्र्यचित्रीकृतम् । मायावीव विजृम्भयत्यपि महायोगीव यः स्वेच्छया तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥२॥ Biijasya-Antar-Iva-Angkuro Jagad[t]-Idam Praangga-Nirvikalpam Punah Maayaa-Kalpita-Desha-Kaala-Kalanaa Vaicitrya-Citrii-Krtam | Maayaavi-Iva Vijrmbhayaty-Api Mahaa-Yogi-Iva Yah Sve[a-I]cchayaa Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||2||  Meaning: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence) 2.1: This World is Like a Sprout of a Seed Within which transforms what is Changeless state Before, appear Again ... 2.2: ... as Space and Time, and endless Varieties of Pictures over it; all due to the Creation of Maya, 2.3: This Unfolding of the World (from the Seed) which is Like a Play of a Magician, happens to one Who is Like a Mahayogi out of His Own Free Will (i.e. a Mahayogi can enter the state of Samadhi out of his own free will and witness the unfolding of the world when He comes out of Samadhi), 2.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.  Sri Dakshinamurthy यस्यैव स्फुरणं सदात्मकमसत्कल्पार्थकं भासते साक्षात्तत्त्वमसीति वेदवचसा यो बोधयत्याश्रितान् । यत्साक्षात्करणाद्भवेन्न पुनरावृत्तिर्भवाम्भोनिधौ तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥३॥ Yasya-Eva Sphurannam Sada[a-A]atmakam-Asat-Kalpa-Arthakam Bhaasate Saakssaat-Tat-Tvam-Asi-Iti Veda-Vacasaa Yo Bodhayaty-Aashritaan | Yat-Saakssaat-Karannaad-Bhaven-Na Punaraavrttir-Bhavaam-Bho-Nidhau Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||3||  Meaning: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence) 3.1: By This Throb Alone which is of the Nature of Eternal Underlying Awareness, the Unreal Forms get their Meanings and Appear over the Mind, 3.2: This Knowledge of the Atman Spoken of in the Vedas as "Tat-Tvam-Asi" is Imparted by Our Inner Guru as a Direct Experience when we Surrender Whole-Heartedly to Him, 3.3: By Direct Experience of this Knowledge, the Delusion of being tossed within an unending Ocean of Worldly Existence will Not Appear Again, 3.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.  Sri Dakshinamurthy नानाच्छिद्रघटोदरस्थितमहादीपप्रभा भास्वरं ज्ञानं यस्य तु चक्षुरादिकरणद्वारा वहिः स्पन्दते । जानामीति तमेव भान्तमनुभात्येतत्समस्तं जगत् तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥४॥ Naanaac-Chidra-Ghatto[a-U]dara-Sthita-Mahaa-Diipa-Prabhaa Bhaasvaram Jnyaanam Yasya Tu Cakssur-Aadi-Karanna-Dvaaraa Vahih Spandate | Jaanaam-Iiti Tam-Eva Bhaantam-Anubhaaty-Etat-Samastam Jagat Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||4||  Meaning: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence) 4.1: As the Light of a Great Lamp Situated Inside a Pitcher having Many Holes, Shine Outwards, ... 4.2: ... similarly, the Knowledge of That Only (i.e. Atman) Throb Outwards through our Eyes and Other Sense Organs, 4.3: "I Know", He Alone Shining (i.e Atman), This Entire World Shines ... 4.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.  Sri Dakshinamurthy देहं प्राणमपीन्द्रियाण्यपि चलां बुद्धिं च शून्यं विदुः स्त्रीबालान्धजडोपमास्त्वहमिति भ्रान्ता भृशं वादिनः । मायाशक्तिविलासकल्पितमहाव्यामोहसंहारिणो तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥५॥ Deham Praannam-Api-Indriyaanny-Api Calaam Buddhim Ca Shuunyam Viduh Strii-Baala-Andha-Jaddo(a-U)pamaas-tv[u-]Aham-Iti Bhraantaa Bhrsham Vaadinah | Maayaa-Shakti-Vilaasa-Kalpita-Mahaa-Vyaamoha-Samhaarinno Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||5||  Meaning: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence) 5.1: Those who Consider the Body or Prana (Vital Force) or Sense Organs or the Changing Mind or the Void (Total Non-Existence) ... 5.2: ... as the "I", are Like a Naive Innocent Girl Child, or a Blind, or a Dull-Headed; they are Deluded but they Vehemently Assert their Points, 5.3: The Inner Guru Destroys this Great Delusion Created by the Play of the Power of Maya, 5.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.  Sri Dakshinamurthy राहुग्रस्तदिवाकरेन्दुसदृशो मायासमाच्छादनात् सन्मात्रः करणोपसंहरणतो योऽभूत्सुषुप्तः पुमान् । प्रागस्वाप्समिति प्रबोधसमये यः प्रत्यभिज्ञायते तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥६॥ Raahu-Grasta-Divaakare[a-I]ndu-Sadrsho Maayaa-Sama-[A]acchaadanaat San-Maatrah Karanno[a-U]pasangharannato Yo(a-A]bhuut-Sussuptah Pumaan | Praag-Asvaapsam-Iti Prabodha-Samaye Yah Pratyabhijnyaayate Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||6||  Meaning: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence) 6.1: Just Like the Sun and the Moon are Eclipsed by Rahu, the Pure Consciousness is Eclipsed by Maya (for a spiritually ignorant person), 6.2: A Spiritually Elevated Soul can enter that state of Unborn Deep Sleep (i.e. Pure Consciousness) by Withdrawing His Sense Organs to such an extent that Only the Real Essence remains, 6.3: That state (i.e. Pure Consciousness) is experienced during Spiritual Awakening whereby one clearly Perceives that "Before I was Sleeping" (by being eclipsed by Maya), 6.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.  Sri Dakshinamurthy बाल्यादिष्वपि जाग्रदादिषु तथा सर्वास्ववस्थास्वपि व्यावृत्तास्वनुवर्तमानमहमित्यन्तः स्फुरन्तं सदा । स्वात्मानं प्रकटीकरोति भजतां यो मुद्रयाभद्रया तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥७॥ Baalya-Adissv(u)-Api Jaagrad-Aadissu Tathaa Sarvaasv[u]-Avasthaasv[u]-Api Vyaavrttaasv[u]-Anu-Vartamaanam-Aham-Ity[i]-Antah Sphurantam Sadaa | Sva-[A]atmaanam Prakattii-Karoti Bhajataam Yo Mudrayaa-Bhadrayaa Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||7||  Meaning: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence) 7.1: During Boyhood and Other stages of Life (Youth, Old age etc), during Waking and Other states (Dreaming, Deep Sleep, Turiya etc) and Similarly in All Conditions ... 7.2: ... the Atman Always Shines as the "I" Within, Free from All Conditions but at the same time Present in All Conditions, 7.3: The Inner Guru Awakens this Knowledge of One's Own Atman to those who Surrender to Him; this Knowledge which is represented by the Auspicious Cin-Mudra, 7.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.  Sri Dakshinamurthy विश्वं पश्यति कार्यकारणतया स्वस्वामिसम्बन्धतः शिष्याचार्यतया तथैव पितृपुत्राद्यात्मना भेदतः । स्वप्ने जाग्रति वा य एष पुरुषो मायापरिभ्रामितः तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥८॥ Vishvam Pashyati Kaarya-Kaaranna-Tayaa Svasvaami-Sambandhatah Shissya-[A]acaarya-Tayaa Tatha-Eva Pitr-Putraady[i]-Aatmanaa Bhedatah | Svapne Jaagrati Vaa Ya Essa Purusso Maayaa-Paribhraamitah Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||8||  Meaning: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence) 8.1: The Differentiations that we See in the World as Cause and Effect, as Possessor-Possession Relations, ... 8.2: ... as the Disciple-Teacher, and Also as Father-Son Relations etc, are all Differentiations within the One Atman, 8.3: In Dream or Waking state, He, the One Purusha is always present, and (as if) Maya Wanders over Him and gives rise to all these Differentiations, 8.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.  Sri Dakshinamurthy भूरम्भांस्यनलोऽनिलोऽम्बरमहर्नाथो हिमांशु पुमान् इत्याभाति चराचरात्मकमिदं यस्यैव मूर्त्यष्टकम् नान्यत् किञ्चन विद्यते विमृशतां यस्मात्परस्माद्विभोः तस्मै श्रीगुरुमूर्तये नम इदं श्रीदक्षिणामूर्तये ॥९॥ Bhuur-Ambhaamsy-Analo-[A]nilo-[A]mbaram-Aharnaatho Himaamshu Pumaan Ity[i]-Aabhaati Cara-Acara-[A]atmakam-Idam Yasya-Eva Muurty[i]-Assttakam Naanyat Kin.cana Vidyate Vimrshataam Yasmaat-Parasmaad-Vibhoh Tasmai Shrii-Guru-Muurtaye Nama Idam Shrii-Dakssinnaamuurtaye ||9||  Meaning: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence) 9.1: Earth, Water, Fire, Air, Space, Sun, Moon and Jiva, ... 9.2: ... are Verily His (i.e. Atman's) Eight Manifestations Shining within the Moving and the Non-Moving forms, 9.3: Apart from Him (i.e. Atman) there Cannot Exist anything; The Yogis who Reflect (i.e. Meditate) within Discover Him as the Essence From Which Everything Originates, ... Discover Him as Existing Beyond Everything as the Eternal Essence, 9.4: Salutations to Him, the Personification of Our Inner Guru Who Awakens This Knowledge through His Profound Silence; Salutation to Sri Dakshinamurthy.  Sri Dakshinamurthy सर्वात्मत्वमिति स्फुटीकृतमिदं यस्मादमुष्मिन् स्तवे तेनास्य श्रवणात्तदर्थमननाद्ध्यानाच्च संकीर्तनात् । सर्वात्मत्वमहाविभूतिसहितं स्यादीश्वरत्वं स्वतः सिद्ध्येत्तत्पुनरष्टधा परिणतं चैश्वर्यमव्याहतम् ॥१०॥ Sarva-[A]atmatvam-Iti Sphuttii-Krtam-Idam Yasmaad-Amussmin Stave Tena-Asya Shravannaat-Tadartha-Mananaad-Dhyaanaac-Ca Sangkiirtanaat | Sarva-(A)atmatva-Mahaa-Vibhuuti-Sahitam Syaad-Iishvaratvam Svatah Siddhyet-Tat-Punar-Assttadhaa Parinnatam Ca-[A]ishvaryam-Avyaahatam ||10||  Meaning: (Salutations to Sri Dakshinamurthy Who Awakens the Glory of the Atman within us through His Profound Silence) 10.1: Since the Divine Essence in All is Made Clear in this Hymn, 10.2: Hence by Listening to It, Contemplating on its Meaning, Meditating on It, and Glorifying it, 10.3: One becomes Endowed with the Greatness of the Knowledge of the Divine Essence ( present in All ); Perhaps the Divine Essence by Itself ... 10.4: ... will Awaken within him after that Again, the Eightfold Manifestations of Divine Powers (Siddhis) Unimpeded.'

With best regards,
(2015)
Dr. AMAR NATH GIRI
EHSQ , NFCL
M.Sc. -Environmental Science,Ph.D -Environmental Science law & DIPLOMA AS - P.G.D.E.P.L,CES, DCA,
EX IIM LUCKNOW FELLOW, EX RESEARCH SCIENTIST
IGIDR-MUMBAI 
9912511918
amarnathgiri@nagarjunagroup.com
http://www.nagarjunagroup.com
http://www.nagarjunafertilizers.com 
EHSQ BLOG : http://dramarnathgiri.blogspot.in/?view=magazine
http://dramarnathgiri.blogspot.in/2013/10/curriculum-vitae-of-dr-amar-nath-giri.html?q=BIO+DATA
http://dramarnathgiri.blogspot.in/2012/05/nagarjuna-management-services.html Sri Dakshina Murthy Swamy Vari 3rd anniversary  Utsavam on 06.04.2015

Venue: Sri Bhavani sametha Neelakhanteswara Swami Temple.Naarada Gundam, Sarpavaram,Kakinada.

Programme: On 06.04.2015,Monday,

From 5.00 AM to 7.00 AM  Abhishekam to Sri Dakshina Murthy Swamy.

From 6.30 PM  to 7.30 PM Vedaswasthi.

From 7.30 PM to 8.30 PMSampradaya KOLATAM.
Note: Please visit "Saptha Rushi Mandalam " near Sri Dakshina Murthy temple.

Regards

Dr.Murthy
 



 

Chemical Fertilizers feed the world for the Short Term - but what about the Future?

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Chemical Fertilizers feed the world for the Short Term - but what about the Future?
By Marisa Buxbaum

chemical fertilizer polution
Dark red circles indicate oil spills and gray-shaded areas indicate sea pollution and land pollution from chemical fertilizers. worldprocessor.com


In 1798, English economist Thomas Malthus first warned about the dangers of unchecked population growth in An Essay on the Principle of Population. Crop production, he concluded, was no match for an explosively increasing human presence. Worldwide famine and mass death would eventually result unless this increase could be slowed. Over two hundred years and billions of people later, humankind has defied what Malthus forecast as inevitable. The world population is creeping up to the 7 billion mark, and until the mid-2030s, the planet can expect to shoulder annual additions of 50 to 70 million more people. That’s quite a few mouths to feed. Although hunger tragically plagues over 13% of that 7 billion, mostly in developing nations, starvation is an issue of poverty and access to fertile land and water – not, as Malthus suggested, absolute food availability. We are, in fact, able to grow enough food to feed everybody. How is this possible?


1960s innovations in agriculture, known as the Green Revolution, saw the development of thirsty, super-productive crop strains and farming technologies that allowed production to keep pace with population. These high-yield varieties need plenty of nutrients (and water), and are thus fueled by inorganic fertilizers that typically contain nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium. The value of these fertilizers should not be understated; without them, much of the world would be without food. But fertilizer overuse and production is also credited with environmental degradation, prompting some scientists to re-examine the Green Revolution’s effects with a more critical lens.


Although all plants require the nutrients contained in fertilizers for growth, current application rates are threatening the environment. Global fertilizer use has reached staggering amounts, and is projected to rise. By 2015, world fertilizer consumption is estimated to reach nearly 190 million tons.


fertilizer production amounts
In million tons...



One of the key players in modern industrial agriculture is fertilizer derived from nitrogen fixation, responsible in some cases for up to 75% of crop yield increases. Global supply of nitrogen has doubled since World War II, thanks to the discovery of the Haber-Bosch process, which makes the production of industrial fertilizers possible. The Haber-Bosch process takes nonreactive atmospheric nitrogen and turns it into ammonia – a plant nutrient – through an energy-intensive procedure using high heat and pressures. (good Wired article explanation) It is estimated that 1% of the world’s energy consumption goes toward fertilizer manufacture. That energy, of course, requires the burning of fossil fuels. On average, 5.5 gallons of fossil fuels per acre, per year are needed to fertilize soil for farming.



fertilizer plant pollution
Fertilizer production, Florida. Photo copyright J Henry Fair industrialscars.com


The production of phosphate- and potash-based fertilizers causes ecological damage through the mining processes it entails: draining huge quantities of water from local ecosystems, removal of vegetation, and the discharge of greenhouse gases to name a few (for an extensive list of mining impacts: www.elaw.org). Additionally, radioactive waste is generated by the processing of phosphorus for agricultural use, as mined phosphate rock contains naturally occurring radioactive materials (uranium and thorium). Phosphogypsum is one of these wastes, and a commonly used fertilizer to boost levels of calcium and sulfur in soils. The EPA does not permit the use of phosphogypsum above a certain radioactivity level (concentrations of radium-226 greater than 10 pCi/g), but farmers may apply phosphogypsum without limitation, and need not keep records of their application rates. Another byproduct of fertilizer production, phosphate slag, is reused for construction purposes – primarily roads, bridges, railways, and other non-habitable infrastructure. While the EPA states that phosphate slag is less prone to radionuclide leaching than phosphogypsum, levels of radium, thorium, and uranium in phosphate slag have occasionally been as high as 50 pCi/g. Because phosphogypsum more radioactive than 10pCi/g is unusable, it is stored in enormous stacks, typically on unprepared land at production sites. These stacks are left uncovered, exude carcinogenic radon gas, and can leak acidic water into the ground. (source)



chemical fertilizer pollution
Phosphate mine in North Carolina ptrf.org


The U.S. biofuel industry relies heavily on the mining of phosphate for fertilizers. Phosphate cannot be substituted with any other mineral, and so growing biofuel demands could precipitate a future shortage of this resource in as little as 50 years. So much for the renewability of ethanol. Phosphate rock’s growing scarcity has increased both the price of the mineral itself (roughly 350% between 2003 and 2008) as well as the food it is used to fertilize, prompting riots in over 40 countries in 2008. The prospects of finding new phosphorus reserves large enough to satisfy growing demand are slim, and the ore itself takes millions of years to form. Like crude oil, remaining phosphorus could soon become a point of geopolitical contention – its main sources for export are Morocco, Syria, Jordan, South Africa, Russia, and the Western Sahara.



fertilizer runoff
Early morning fertilizer runoff after late night storm.
Photo copyright J Henry Fair industrialscars.com


Fertilizers do not just affect the crops on which they are applied, but drain off into the soil and nearby waterways. In aquatic systems, they boost the growth of algae, which bloom en masse and deprive the surrounding water of oxygen. This process is called eutrophication, and areas of severe eutrophication – waters that do not have enough oxygen to support life – are known as dead zones. The leaching nitrates can also impact drinking water supplies if located near wells, and nitrate-contaminated water has been linked to gastric problems in adults. Infants are more susceptible to adverse health effects, and should not consume water with concentrations of nitrate in excess of 10 mg/L. Since most purification methods do not effectively remove nitrates from water, contamination ought to be prevented in the first place.

While intended to enrich soils, overuse of fertilizers can in fact stunt crop productivity. Because most crops are suited to a neutral pH range, soil acidification from heavy nitrogen inputs can counteract the intended effects of fertilizer addition. Such is the case in China, where acidic soils boost parasite abundance and facilitate the leaching of toxic metals like aluminum and manganese. There, agricultural experts say that many areas would benefit from application reductions of up to 60%. China is the world's top consumer of fertilizers and it is estimated that 10 million tons of fertilizer end up in China's waterways. Groundwater pollution is occurring, and in other Asian countries besides China: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam are all experiencing contamination of water from fertilizers.


chemical fertilizer polution
suarticlese.co.cc


Better management practices are a good option for reducing environmental impacts. The Southwest Florida Management District recently kicked off an awareness campaign to encourage responsible fertilizer use at the municipal level (see swfwmd.state.fl.us). The EPA launched a similar campaign in 2005, partnering with the MTA to inform suburban comuters on New York’s public transit system of the hazards of excess chemical fertilizers entering the drinking water (yosemite.epa.gov). Perhaps an awareness campaign on Western dietary habits is also in order: because so much of grain production goes into livestock feed – in the U.S., a whopping 80% – lowering meat consumption can relieve some demands for fertilizer. Home gardeners can go organic and eschew its application. Examples of organic fertilizers include compost, compost tea, manure, leaf mold, fish emulsion, seaweed and urine. For organic lawn ideas see: www.extremelygreen.com


If chemical fertilizers are necessary, the following guidelines can help minimize contaminated drainage into sensitive areas:


· Time your fertilizer applications. Fast-acting fertilizers should
not be applied before a heavy rainfall. Spring fertilization
should be minimized—water tables are generally high at that
time, thereby increasing the risk of fertilizer leaching into water
sources. Do not apply fertilizer on frozen ground—the likelihood
of runoff into water supply sources is dramatically increased.

· Use buffer strips. Leave a strip of unfertilized grasses or natural
vegetation near any water body. This helps against erosion and
produces a trap for unwanted nutrients. Reduse usage on hills.

· Use a mulching mower. Mulching the grass and leaving the
clippings reduces the need for fertilizer by as much as one-half.

· Prevent misapplication of fertilizers. Take care when applying
fertilizers around sewers and drains. Shut off spreaders before
crossing sidewalks or driveways and sweep up any spills. Rinse
your spreader over the lawn area and not on the driveway in
order to minimize fertilizer runoff.

· Properly store your fertilizer. Store unused fertilizer in a dry place
away from any water source. If stored fertilizer gets wet you not
only lose nutrient value, there is potential for nitrates to leach
into water sources. (from mass.gov)



chemical fertilizer pollution
sbprojectcleanwater.org



Malthus may have been wrong up until now – we can produce enough food to feed the world with the use of inorganic fertilizers. But with the environmental destruction and looming resource shortages, our reliance cannot last forever. Dealing with the problem on the industrial scale will pose serious challenges. It may be time for a second Green Revolution, and one that takes into account our unsustainable farming practices.




Additional Sources:

S.K.A. Danso and D.L. Eskew. “Enhancing Biological Nitrogen Fixation.” IAEA Bulletin, Vol. 26, No. 2. www.iaea.org.pdf
EPA. “Fertilizer and Fertilizer Production Wastes.” www.epa.gov
Richard Manning. Harper’s Magazine, 2004. “The Oil We Eat: Following the Food Chain Back to Iraq.” www.harpers.org



Resources:

How U.S. biofuel industry will increase demand for fertilizers: www.icis.com
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, April 2011, “Excessive nitrogen harms the economy and environment – first Europe-wide assessment published.” www.ceh.ac.uk
2008 New York Times article on spot fertilizer shortages: www.nytimes.com
Lessons from the Green Revolution: is new technology needed to end hunger? From FoodFirst, a nonprofit organization dedicated to eradicating hunger: www.foodfirst.org
Wired Magazine article, from 2008, on the need for new fertilizer tech: www.wired.com

 

The Global Population Situation - An Overview

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The Global Population Situation - An Overview

While some of these projections may look gloomy, remember: we can change the future. We can create a new vision, a new dream for the planet. It is in our power to humanely solve overpopulation. See our "How You Can Help" section to learn what you can do!
  • World Population in 2014 reached 7.2 billion.
  • It has doubled in the past 45 years! Earth's population is increasing by over 140 people every minute ... equivalent to another Los Angeles plus another Chicago every month.
Population growth by world region
  • Right now, with over 7 billion of us:
    1. We are driving over 50 species of plants and animals to extinction per day!
    2. We are destroying rain forests many times faster than they can regenerate.
    3. We are consuming stored solar energy (fossil fuels) at rates thousands of times faster than it is regenerating.
    4. We are consuming fresh water at least 10 times faster than it is being replenished in regions of northern Africa, the Middle East, India, Pakistan, China, and the U.S. 
    5. We are causing soil salinization and erosion several-fold faster than rates of restoration.
    6. We are over-fishing our oceans, radically changing the species balance in many places.
  • For several years population has been increasing faster than many vital non-renewable and renewable resources. This means the amount of these resources per person is declining, in spite of modern technology.
  • Other massive social and environmental problems ... political instability, loss of freedoms, vanishing species, rain forest destruction, desertification, garbage, urban sprawl, water shortages, traffic jams, toxic waste, oil spills, air and water pollution, increasing violence and crime ... continue to worsen as our numbers increase by more than 70 million more people every year. Solving these problems will be much less difficult when we stop increasing the number of people affected by them.
  • Two billion people live in poverty, more than the population of the entire planet less than 100 years ago.
  • Today there are more people suffering in misery and starvation in the world than ever before in history.
Population growth projections by region
  • In many developing countries, couples are still averaging 4 to 6 children. Nearly half of them would like to have fewer children, but they lack access to family planning (not including abortion). Providing the education and supplies they need would cost only a few dollars per year.
  • While populations of some industrialized countries have stabilized, over three billion people live or struggle to exist in countries where population is still growing rapidly with doubling times of less than thirty years.

Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Apr 07, 2015

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Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada    Dated :Apr 07, 2015
Kakinada
Past 24 Hours Weather Data
Maximum Temp(oC)
36.2
Departure from Normal(oC)
0
Minimum Temp (oC)
25.8
Departure from Normal(oC)
0
24 Hours Rainfall (mm)
NIL
Todays Sunset (IST)
18:15
Tommorows Sunrise (IST)
05:51
Moonset (IST)
07:41
Moonrise (IST)
20:43
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be partly cloudy. Maximum and minimum tgemperatures would be around 37 & 26 degrees celsius respectively.
Date
Temperature ( o C )
Weather Forecast
Minimum
Maximum
08-Apr
26.0
37.0
http://202.54.31.7/citywx/img/6.gif
Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development
09-Apr
26.0
37.0
http://202.54.31.7/citywx/img/2.gif
Partly cloudy sky
10-Apr
27.0
38.0
http://202.54.31.7/citywx/img/2.gif
Partly cloudy sky
11-Apr
27.0
38.0
http://202.54.31.7/citywx/img/2.gif
Partly cloudy sky
12-Apr
27.0
37.0
http://202.54.31.7/citywx/img/6.gif
Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development
13-Apr
27.0
37.0
http://202.54.31.7/citywx/img/6.gif
Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development







Actual
Average
Record
Temperature

Mean Temperature
30 °C
-

Max Temperature
36 °C
-
- ()
Min Temperature
25 °C
-
- ()
Cooling Degree Days
22


Growing Degree Days
38 (Base 50)


Moisture

Dew Point
25 °C


Average Humidity
70


Maximum Humidity
87


Minimum Humidity
49


Precipitation

Precipitation
0.0 mm
-
- ()
Sea Level Pressure

Sea Level Pressure
1008.50 hPa


Wind

Wind Speed
1 km/h ()


Max Wind Speed
9 km/h


Max Gust Speed
-


Visibility
7.0 kilometers


Events
 



T = Trace of Precipitation, MM = Missing Value
Source: Averaged Metar Reports
Daily Weather History Graph





MONTHLY GRAPH

Andhra’s GAIL pipeline fire resulted in ONGC losing 5% gas production in FY15

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Andhra’s GAIL pipeline fire resulted in ONGC losing 5% gas production in FY15


The fire at GAIL (India) pipeline last year in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, which led to shutting down of the east coast gas fields for more than four months, has resulted in ONGC gas output dropping by 5.41% in FY15 compared with the previous year. This is even as many of the country’s power and fertiliser units are stranded for want of domestic gas.
“ONGC drilled 22.02 billion cubic metres of gas in 2014-15 against 23.38 bcm in FY14. The drop in gas output is primarily due to shut-down of the explorer’s gas fields in the east coast, which led to production loss of 0.568 bcm,” a source familiar with the developments told FE.
Without the disruption in its east coast fields, ONGC was confident to drill as much gas it had in the previous fiscal.
In June 2014, 22 people lost their lives after a GAIL pipeline explosion, followed by a major fire occurred at Nagaram in Andhra Pradesh due to leakage of condensate and gas. Following the accident, GAIL employed Engineers India (EIL) to check the health of its 870-km pipeline network in the state. As a precautionary measure, the pipeline network was shut down.
Absence of the pipeline network for evacuation of gas forced ONGC to shut down gas production at its Rajahmundry (RJY) asset. “This is why the output from RJY dropped drastically and is yet to be revived completely,” said the official.
In FY14, the Rajahmundry asset produced 1.171 bcm of natural gas. However, in FY15, it drastically fell by 54% to just 0.54 bcm. ONGC shut down 98 wells after the GAIL accident. Nearly 40 wells were resumed in November and another 13 wells were reopened in December 2014. Still 38 wells are closed. The drop in gas output from the Rajahmundry asset would also dent ONGC’s earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortisation (EBITDA) by about R500 crore.
ONGC
“It becomes very tough to revive output at earlier levels if the gas wells are shut down for many weeks,” said the official.
ONGC is targeting to hike its natural gas output by 81% to 116 million metric standard cubic metres per day by 2019-20. Currently, ONGC produces roughly four-fifth of domestic gas.
“ONGC is now closer to augmenting its production and should now be able to increase both its oil and gas output after years of stagnation, albeit gradually and in small quantities. We believe the steep fall in oil prices coupled with ongoing fuel subsidy reforms should lead to a rise in sale price realisation for ONGC’s oil,” Kumar Manish and Alok Deshpande, analysts at HSBC and Capital Markets, said in a report.

PUBLISHED

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Channel Description:

Promotion of Environment, Health Safety and Quality for Good Governance of good govt., Organization, Company, Industry, Institution DEDICATED TO NAGARJUNA GROUP (NFCL, NOCL, NACL) WE ARE HIGHLY THANKFUL TO Shri KS RAJU SIR- CHAIRMAN, Shri RAHUL RAJU SIR -MANAGING DIRECTOR , Shri P.P. SIGH and Shri RS NANDA SIR, Shri R. RAGHAVAN, Shri GVS ANAND, Shri. VK GROVER,ShriVS SUNDER, Shri PC MOHAN, Shri JK RASAD ,Shri PHN REDDY, Shri BHSN RAJU AND ASSOCIATES
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    Environmental effects
    Terminology of the environmental effects of elements and compounds


    LC50

    Lethal Concentration 50. An LC50 value is the concentration of a material in air that will kill 50% of the test subjects (animals, typically mice or rats) when administered as a single exposure (typically 1 or 4 hours). This value gives you an idea of the relative toxicity of the material.
    This value applies to vapors,dusts, mists and gases. Solids and liquids use the closely related LD50 value (50% lethal dose).
    Lethal Dose 50. It’s the amount of a solid or liquid material that it takes to kill 50% of test animals (for example, mice or rats) in one dose.
    Toxic is defined by OSHA (Ocupational Safety and Health Administration) 29 CFR 1910.1200 App A as a chemical which falls in any of these three categories:
    1. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 50 milligrams per kilogram but not more than 500 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
    2. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 200 milligrams per kilogram but not more than 1,000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between two and three kilograms each.
    3. A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of more than 200 parts per million but not more than 2,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than two milligrams per liter but not more than 20 milligrams per liter of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
    Highly toxic is defined by OSHA (Ocupational Safety and Health Administration) as:
    1. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
    2. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between two and three kilograms each.
    3. A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of 200 parts per million by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
    Toxicology is the study of the nature, effects, detection, and mitigation of poisons and the treatment or prevention of poisoning.
    A toxin is a toxic substance.
    Toxins that affect only specific types of cells or organs are called cytotoxins.




    Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
    Time-Weighted Average (TWA)
    Definition

        A Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) is the maximum amount or concentration of a chemical that a worker may be exposed to under OSHA regulations.

        A Time-Weighted Average (TWA) is explained below.

        A VPEL or Vacated PEL is an older PEL set by OSHA but later "vacated" (retracted) under court order. However, some states may continue to enforce these lower levels. See below.

    Additional Info

        PEL's can be defined in two different ways as discussed in the OSHA regulation on air contaminants, 29 CFR 1910.1000:

            Ceiling values - at no time should this exposure limit be exceeded. Sometimes denoted with the letter C.

            8-hour Time Weighted Averages (TWA) - are an average value of exposure over the course of an 8 hour work shift.

        TWA levels are usually lower than ceiling values. Thus, a worker may be exposed to a level higher than the TWA for part of the day (but still lower than the ceiling value) as long as he is exposed to levels below the TWA for the rest of the day.

            safety poster
        Employees have a Right To Know about the hazards of their workplace. Get your RTK materials at Safety Emporium.
        Vacated PEL's

            Analyzing the specific health risks and performing the cost/benefit analyses needed to set a PEL is a time-consuming and labor-intensive endeavor. As a result, only ~470 substances have OSHA PEL's.

            In 1989, OSHA decided that it was impractical to set PEL's for tens of thousands individual chemicals and enacted a generic rulemaking scheme that broke chemicals up into various categories. This methodology was challenged in court and in AFL-CIO v. OSHA, 965 F.2d 962 the 11th U.S. District Court of Appeals vacated (struck down) the 1989 PEL revisions stating "(1) OSHA failed to establish that existing exposure limits in the workplace presented significant risk of material health impairment or that new standards eliminated or substantially lessened the risk; (2) OSHA did not meet its burden of establishing that its 428 new permissible exposure limits (PELs) were either economically or technologically feasible."

            Toxicological professionals generally disagree with both of those points. With respect to the first, there was substantial documentation to support OSHA's position, and with the respect to the second, performing an economic analysis for every chemical (there are well over 100,000 commodity chemicals in use in the US) for every industry is completely infeasible. In 58:35338-35351 OSHA noted that "...OSHA continues to believe that many of the old limits which it will now be enforcing are out of date (they predate 1968) and not sufficiently protective of employee health based on current scientific information and expert recommendations. In addition, many of the substances for which OSHA has no PELs present serious health hazards to employees."

            RTK Center

            Ensure that your MSDS collection is "readily accessible" with these handy compliance centers from Safety Emporium.

                Regardless, OSHA was forced to revert to the older limits. This case clearly established that to set new PEL's OSHA would need to collect specific evidence for each substance so the risk/benefit analysis could be reviewed, and the resources required for that have never been made available and likely never will be available. More information on this legal case can be found under Further Reading below.

            In theory, OSHA is continuing to perform risk assessment and feasibility analysis on air contaminants in light of this court ruling, using a risk-based prioritization to identify those substances which have the most significant impact on worker safety. But in the years since this ruling, OSHA has enacted or updated PEL's for just a handful of substances.

            Just to confuse matters, this decision did not directly apply to the states and territories which administer their own OSHA-approved plans. Some of these states may retain the 1989 limits. Therefore, to maximize safety and minimize potential legal problems, it is best to compare the 1989 PELs for these substances with the ACGIH limits (TLV's), and comply with which ever is most protective.

            Therefore, vacated PEL values may still appear on MSDS's because some states may have enacted statutes based on their values and because some employers or employees might prefer their larger margin of safety (or error, depending on your perspective) when setting their workplace exposure limits. Whatever values you find, always err on the side of safety and choose the lower one. Remember we always want to keep chemical exposures as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).


    Functions of the Central Board at the National Level

     http://cpcb.nic.in/
    • Advise the Central Government on any matter concerning prevention and control of water and air pollution and improvement of the quality of air.
    • Plan and cause to be executed a nation-wide programm for the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;
    • Co-ordinate the activities of the State Board and resolve disputes among them;
    • Provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Boards, carry out and sponsor investigation and research relating to problems of water and air pollution, and for their prevention, control or abatement;
    • Plan and organise training of persons engaged in programme on the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;
    • Organise through mass media, a comprehensive mass awareness programme on the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;
    • Collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data relating to water and air pollution and the measures devised for their effective prevention, control or abatement;
    • Prepare manuals, codes and guidelines relating to treatment and disposal of sewage and trade effluents as well as for stack gas cleaning devices, stacks and ducts;
    • Disseminate information in respect of matters relating to water and air pollution and their prevention and control;
    • Lay down, modify or annul, in consultation with the State Governments concerned, the standards for stream or well, and lay down standards for the quality of air; and
    • Perform such other function as may be prescribed by the Government of india.
    Functions of the Central Board as State Boards for the Union Territories
    • Advise the Governments of Union Territories with respect to the suitability of any premises or location for carrying on any industry which is likely to pollute a stream or well or cause air pollutions; Lay down standards for treatment of sewage and trade effluents and for emissions from automobiles, industrial plants, and any other polluting source; Evolve efficient methods for disposal of sewage and trade effluents on land; develop reliable and economically viable methods of treatment of sewage, trade effluent and air pollution control equipment; Identify any area or areas within Union Territories as air pollution control area or areas to be notified under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981; Assess the quality of ambient water and air, and inspect wastewater treatment installations, air pollution control equipment, industrial plants or manufacturing process to evaluate their performance and to take steps for the prevention, control and abatement of air and water pollution.
    As per the policy decision of the Government of India, the CPCB has delegated its powers and functions under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 with respect to Union Territories to respective local administrations. CPCB along with its counterparts State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) are responsible for implementation of legislations relating to prevention and control of environmental pollution.
    1. Shri Ajay Tyagi , IAS23. The Advisor
    ChairmanThe Joint SecretaryHandling Water - Quality Monitoring Works
    Central Pollution Control Board
    ‘Parivesh Bhavan’, East Arjun Nagar,
    Delhi - 110 032
    Tel No.: 011- 22304948, 22307233
    Fax No.: 011- 22304948
    Email.: ccb.cpcb@nic.in
    Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas,
    Shastri Bhawan, Dr. Rajender Pd. Road,
    New Delhi -  110 001
    Tel No.: 011-23386935
    Fax No.: 011-23386479
    Email.: jsr.png@sb.nic.in
    Ministry of Environment & Forests
    ‘Paryavaran Bhavan’, C.G.O.Complex,
    Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110 003
    Tel No.: 011- 24360634
    Fax No.: 011- 24363577
    Email.:
    4. 5. 6.
    The Joint Secretary (CP)The Chairman The Joint Secretary
    Ministry of Environment & Forests
    ‘Paryavaran Bhavan’,
    C.G.O.Complex, Lodi Road,
    New Delhi – 110 003
    Tel No.: 011- 24363956
    Fax No.: 011- 24369192
    Email.:
    Maharashtra Pollution Control Board,
    Kalpataru Points, 3-4th floors,  Sion Matunga Schem Rd.No.6, Opp. Cine Planet, Sion Circle Sion (E), Mumbai-400 022.
    Tel No.: 022 – 22873845, 24020248
    Fax No.: - 022 - 22813947
    Email.: chairman@mpcb.gov.in
    Ministry of Mines,
    R.No. 322 “A” Wing, Shastri Bhavan,
    New Delhi – 110 001
    Tel No.: 011- 23384886
    Fax No.: 011- 23388487
    Email.: jsa.dom@sb.nic
    7. 8. The Chairman 9. Prof. Subhash Chandra Singh
    Additional Secretary & Financial Adviser
    Chairman,
    Ministry of Environment & Forests
    ‘Paryavaran Bhavan’, C.G.O.Complex,
    Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110 003
    Tel No.: 011- 24362388, 24364968
    Fax No.:- 011 - 24362388
    Email.: asfa-mef@nic.in
    Haryana State Pollution Control Board,
    C-11, Sector – 6, 
    Panchkula (HARYANA) – 134 109
    Tel No.: 2581005, 2581006
    Fax No.: 0172 - 2581201
    Email.: hspcb@hry.nic.in, hspcb.pkl@sify.com
    Bihar State Pollution Control Board,
    Beltron Bhavan, IInd floor,
    Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Shastri Nagar,
    Patna 800023, Bihar
    Tel No.: 0612 – 2281776, 250
    Fax No.: 0612 – 2281050
    Email.: scsingh40@yahoo.com
    10. Ms. Seema Arora, 11.12

    MayorChairman,
    Confederation of Indian Industry,
    23, Institutional Area, Lodhi Road, New Delhi – 110 003
    Tel No.: 011 - 41502301 / 02
    Fax No.: 011- 41501924 / 25
    Email.: seema.arora@cii.in
    Allahabad Nagar Nigam,
    5, Khushal Parvat,
    Allahabad – 211 003
    Tel No.: 0532 -  2427223
    Fax No.: 0532 – 2427225
    Email:
    Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board,
    No. 76, Mount  Salai, Guindy,
    Chennai- 600 032.
    Tel No.: 044 – 22353076
    Fax No.: 044 - 22201198
    Email.:
    13. Shri Dipesh Sampat Mehta,14. Mrs. Deepa Gupta 15. Dr. (Ms.) Meenakshi Kakkar,
    Advocate & Solicitors (U.K)Chartered Accountant General Manager
    Dhoop Chhaon, Plot No. 201,
    Road No. 28, Bandra (West),
    Mumbai – 400 050
    Tel No.: 022 – 26410909
    Fax No.: 022 - 26410808
    Email.: dsm1@vsnl.com
    C-6/77, East of Kailash, New Delhi – 110065
    Tel No.: 011- 26922838
    Fax No.: - 011- 26922838

    Email.: ynj_deepaguptaa@yahoo.com
    ynj_ca@yahoo.com
    Environmental Management Division,
    Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL),
    16th Floor, Scope Minar,
    Laxmi Nagar, New Delhi – 110 092
    Tel No.: 22465009, 22403248
    Fax No.: 22441759, 22467458
    Email.: meenakshi_kakkar@yahoo.com
    b
    16. Shri Jiban Mahapatra,17. Sh. J. S. Kamyotra
    Chief Manager (Environment),Member Secretary
    National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO),
    A Govt. of India Enterprise,
    NALCO Bhavan, P/1, Nayapalli,
    Bhubaneshwar – 751 061 (Orissa)
    Tel No.: 0674 - 2300799
    Fax No.: 0674 - 2301608
    Email.:pkmohapatra@nalcoindia.co.in,            jmahapatra@nalcoindia.co.in,
               jjibanmahapatra@hotmail.com
    Central Pollution Control Board
    ‘Parivesh Bhavan’,
    East Arjun Nagar, Delhi – 110 032
    Tel No.: 011- 22307078, 22306155
    Fax No.: 011- 22307078
    Email.: jskamyotra.cpcb@nic.in




    Raghuram Rajan meets PM, finance minister; FIIs buy shares worth $1 billion

    Raghuram Rajan - Manmohan Singh
    Prime Minister Manmohan Singh with RBI governor Raghuram Rajan on Septmeber 17, 2013. (PTI photo)

    NEW DELHI: Ahead of his maiden monetary policy review, Reserve Bank governor Raghuram Rajan on Tuesday met Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and finance minister P Chidambaram and discussed the macroeconomic situation.

    "RBI has constant consultation with finance ministry. This meeting was part of that. We discussed the whole gambit of issues," he told reporters after meeting Chidambaram.

    Sources said during his meeting with the Prime Minister, the governor discussed the state of the economy and steps required to address the current slowdown and high inflation.

    Rajan, who was chief economic advisor in the finance ministry before taking over as RBI governor on September 4, is scheduled to announce the mid-quarter monetary policy review on September 20.

    All eyes are on the policy announcement considering the inflation climbing to six months high of 6.1 per cent in August, concerns on depreciating rupee and slowing growth.

    High inflation offers Rajan limited scope to cut key rates as demanded by industry.

    Soon after being named for the new assignment, Rajan had said there was no "magic wand" to pull the economy instantly out of challenges it faces.

    "We have recommended a cut in CRR, repo rate and asked RBI not to restrict the MSF (marginal standing facility) to a particular number ..." State Bank of India (SBI) chairman Pratip Chaudhuri said.

    As the peak festival season is around the corner, bankers are pressing for a cut in cash reserve ratio and policy rates by the Reserve Bank to boost demand for manufactured goods and revive sagging economic growth.

    Demand for loans are expected to go up in the ensuing festive season and banks would be able to disburse loans at the lower rate if RBI cuts rate, Indian Overseas Bank Chairman and Managing Director M Narendra said.

    In its last policy review on July 29, RBI chose to keep all key interest rates unchanged on account of weak rupee.

    Markets have given a thumbs up to Rajan's road map to revive the economy, with the rupee coming off its record low.

    FIIs buy shares worth $1 billion

    Foreign institutional investors (FIIs) have bought shares worth $1 billion in the past eight trading sessions following RBI governor Raghuram Rajan's recent announcements, a Deutsche Bank report said.

    According to the global financial services major, FIIs have recouped around 25 per cent of the outflows seen over the June-August period, when the country witnessed its sharpest bout of FII outflows since the global financial crisis.

    Between June and August 2013, India saw FII outflows of $4 billion, leading to fears of a possible capitulation by FII's, the Deutsche Bank report said.

    "Following incoming governor Raghuram Rajan's announcements on assuaging currency markets and particularly after the news flow over the FCNR-B swap announcements, we have seen the rupee partially recovering its losses and FII's emerging as net buyers of close to USD 1 billion over the past 8 trading sessions," Deutsche Bank said.

    As per the report, investor sentiments were boosted following the recent announcements over the FCNR-B, supportive trade data and easing investment facilitation in debt markets.

    These measures have resulted in imparting "long needed and much sought after credibility over both - the financing of the CAD and the actual CAD," Deutsche Bank said adding a tempering of the Syria risk have also assuaged investors, aiding inflows.

    Moreover, investors are keenly expecting a fuel price hike (both one time as well as a higher monthly calibrated hike). "Convergence of political will on critical economic issues also bodes well," it said.

    The rupee is currently, hovering around the 62/dollar level. The local currency had depreciated to an all-time low of 68.85 on August 28.

    Citing anecdotal evidence, HSBC said bouts of sharp currency depreciation in India have generally been followed by periods of strong FII inflows into equities.

    Earlier, between September and December 2011, a rupee depreciation of 13 per cent was followed by a period of FII inflows of USD 8 billion over the next three months.

    Similarly, rupee depreciation of 11 per cent over March-June 2012 was followed by FII inflows of USD 6 billion over next three months.

    "Investors are now watching both the Fed policy on September 18th and more importantly the RBI credit policy on September 20th," the report said.



    Monetary policy: Raghuram Rajan seen hawkish on debut, may roll back some FX steps

    New Reserve Bank of India chief Raghuram Rajan makes his first monetary policy statement on Friday with expectations he may scale back some of the emergency measures that have helped the rupee bounce from a record low.

    But in a reflection of the policy challenges faced by the former IMF chief economist who has been dubbed "The Guv" by the Indian media, Rajan is likely to strike a hawkish ton...See More

    Photo: Monetary policy: Raghuram Rajan seen hawkish on debut, may roll back some FX steps  New Reserve Bank of India chief Raghuram Rajan makes his first monetary policy statement on Friday with expectations he may scale back some of the emergency measures that have helped the rupee bounce from a record low.   But in a reflection of the policy challenges faced by the former IMF chief economist who has been dubbed "The Guv" by the Indian media, Rajan is likely to strike a hawkish tone on inflation.  With price pressures rising and economic growth running at a decade low, Rajan must find a fine balance in central bank policies to support economic activity without adding fuel to inflation and giving investors fresh reason to sell the currency.  "There is a change of guard, so we don't know what the flavour will be, but Rajan is likely to be hawkish and reiterate the importance of low and stable inflation for sustained economic recovery," said Rajeev Malik, senior economist at CLSA in Singapore.   Famed for predicting the global financial crisis, Rajan took office at the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on September 4 as India was confronting its biggest economic crisis since 1991 and wowed central bank-watchers with an action plan on his first day.  Since hitting a record low on August 28, marking up losses of about 20 per cent for the year, the rupee has strengthened by 9 per cent.  Rajan, 50, pushed back his maiden policy review by two days and will now follow the pivotal meeting of the U.S. Federal Reserve, which later on Wednesday is widely expected to announce a winding down of its extraordinary monetary stimulus.


     UNDER THE RCMS WE HAVE CIRCULATED TO THE PUBLIC

    Raghavan R --- Four Million Safe Man-Hours for the man hours worked by Associates ---

    From:"Raghavan R"<raghavan@nagarjunagroup.com>
    ToÅllNFCLKKDusers
    Cc"Raju K S"<KSRaju@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Rahul Raju K"<Rahul@nagarjunagroup.com>, "R S Nanda"<Nanda@nagarjunagroup.com>, "P P Singh"<PP_Singh@nagarjunagroup.com>, "M N Bhaskaran"<mnb@nagarjunagroup.com>, "R D Mall"<RDMall@nagarjunagroup.com>, "R M Deshpande"<RMDeshpande@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Durga Prasad R"<rdp@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Ramakanth M"<RamakanthM@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Bhansali Sudhir"<Sudhir@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Mahalingam J"<Mahalingam@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Dr. Pandey"<pandey@nagarjunagroup.com>, "C Nageswara Rao"<CNRao@nagarjunagroup.com>, "S Raja Gopala Reddy"<SRajaGopalaReddy@nagarjunagroup.com>, "MD Joshi"<MDJoshi@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Nagabhushanam Ch"<Nagabhushanam@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Reddappa G"<reddappa@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Yashwant Mukund Bhaid"<YMB@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Jitendra Singh"<JitendraSingh@nagarjunagroup.com>, "M S N Murthy"<msnmurthy@nagarjunagroup.com>, "G V Jagadeesh Kumar"<Jagadeesh@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Dr. Arun K Nair"<ArunNair@nagarjunagroup.com>, "A Nasara Reddy"<ANReddy@nagarjunagroup.com>, "E V Krishnan"<EVKrishnan@nagarjunagroup.com>
    Date:Thu, Sep 19, 2013 09:02
    SubjectFour Million Safe Man-Hours for the man hours worked by Associates




    Dear All,


    I am very happy to inform that, we have completed Four Million safe man-hours as on 18.09.2013 for the man-hours worked by associates, which is equivalent to 855 accident-free days.


    I congratulate all the associates for this remarkable achievement.


    I wish that all of us should continue our efforts and strive to embark many more such landmarks in future.


    Best Regards,


    R. Raghavan
    Vice President (Operations & Projects)

    INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE QUIZ

    1. Industrial hygiene concerns itself only with the control of occupational diseases. So its contribution to accident prevention is nil.
    (False)

    2. Safety engineer should only be interested in the physical damage, broken bones and bloody injuries.
    (False)

    3. Safety engineer cannot be away from the control of occupational diseases.
    (True)

    4. It is the responsibility of the industrial hygienist to study an environment for the pollutants and defects and safety engineers come to the picture while implementing the recommendations of the industrial hygienist is taken up
    (True)

    5. The key concepts of industrial hygiene program are:
    (Recognition, evaluation, controle, recommendation)

    6. Evaluation and control of the environment can be purposeful and effective only if the recognition of the pollutant is perfect.
    (True)

    7. Evaluation of an environmental pollution does end with the measurement of concentration of that pollution.
    (False)

    8. A measure of the damage of the environmental pollution on the human being also forms of the evaluation.
    (False)

    9. Controlling an environment calls for much experience.
    (True)

    10. For controlling an environmental pollution that emanates from a process, it is not required to know the nature of the process that is going on.
    (True)

    11. Controle measures taken against taken against environmental pollution differ widely with operations.
    (True)

    12. Some of the chemicals sensitize the skin. Most of the epoxy resins have this quality of the following, Which are sensitizing agents?
    (Araldite, Quick fix, synthetic rubber, tar)

    13. Oil dermatitis can be caused by the contact with.
    (Mineral oils)

    14. Skin disease incidence depends on ..
    (Age, Sex, Dietary habits, Heredity)

    15. Women are more prone to skin disease than men because..
    (Their skin is very tender)

    16. Personal hygiene is more important to fight against Dermatitis.
    (True)

    17. Continuous contact with cloths soiled with an irritant also can cause dermatitis
    (True)

    18. While selecting a glove to guard against dermatitis, the following must be considered
    (Whether the glove will dissolve in the oil against which it is used;
    Whether it will allow any oil through it;
    Whether it will interferes with material handling )

    19. Barrier cream application interferes with material handling.
    (False)

    20. Barrier cream interfere with sweating.
    (False)

    21. Barrier cream is effective only for 2½ hrs. So, only repeated application is purposeful.
    (True)

    22. Barrier cream is effective only if the contact with irritant is going to be just occasional.
    (True)

    23. Barrier cream can also be used against corrosive materials.
    (False)

    24. Barrier cream is a failure against certain chemicals.
    (True)

    25. Aerosols are those that can keep floating in the air, Can you make them in the following?
    (Gas, Mist, fume, Smoke, Vapor, Dust)

    26. Aerosols get in to system only through inhalation.
    (True)

    27. Some of the aerosols enter the system through skin too.
    (True)

    28. Dusts are produced by size reduction of solids.
    (True)

    29. Dusts follow the gravitational law and they do settle down.
    (True)

    30. Their rate of settling depends on.
    (Particle size, density)

    31. Particle size of a dust is mentioned as the diameter of the sphere in which the dust could be accommodated.
    (True)

    32. Nasal hair filter particles whose size goes beyond 10 microns. So, particles of respirable range have a size less than 10 microns.
    (True)

    33. All dusts entering the system settle in lungs.
    (False)

    34. All dusts reach alveoli, the minute sac of the lung, and settle there.
    (False)

    35. When a dust reaches a spot in the lung, fibrous hardening takes place in that spot and this is the defensive mechanism of the system.
    (True)

    36. Those hardening leads to a less oxygen transferring capacity of the lung and this further leads to shortness of breath.
    (True)

    37. The condition of dusty lung is medically called as pneumoconiosis (Pneumo-lung, coni-dust, osis-condition). Can you match the following?
    Dust Condition of lung
    Silica Silicosis
    Asbestos Asbestosis
    Coal Anthracosis
    Alumina Aluminosis
    Iron Siderosis


    38. The damage of a dust is determined by its efficiency to lead to secondary infection.
    (True)

    39. Silica is the most dangerous dust, as the silicotic lung is a good seat for tuberculosis.
    (True)

    40. Gases are defined as formless Fluids which can be compressed to liquids or solids with decrease in temperature and increase in pressure. Can you tick in the following all those that are gases?
    (Ammonia, ozone, carbon monoxide, Nitrogen di-oxide, Sulphur di-oxide, Nitrogen, Oxygen Methane)

    41. Some of the gases when inhaled irritate the mucous membrane of the respiratory system. They are called gaseous irritants. In the following list, tick them:
    (Ozone, Hydrogen chloride, chlorine, oxides of nitrogen, ammonia, sulphur di-oxide)

    42. There is no natural defense mechanism against these irritants
    (True)

    43. Oxides of nitrogen is produced more in the case of gas shielded arc than in manual arc welding.
    (False)

    44. Ozone is produced during arc welding because of the ultra violet radiation. So ozone is produced wherever the radiation reaches.
    (True)

    45. Respiratory tract constricts while inhaling and this constriction is called as spasm. Spasm may not lead to death.
    (True)

    46. Respirators are the best solution to avoid inhaling irritants.
    (False)

    47. Some gases when inhaled interfere with the oxygen transfer at the lung and thus deprive the system of oxygen. They are called asphyxiants. Here follows a list:
    (Carbon monoxide, Carbon Di oxide, Acetylene, Argon, Nitrogen, Helium)

    48. Carbon monoxide combines chemically with hemoglobin to form carboxyl Hemoglobin. So it is called chemical asphyxiate.
    (True)

    49. Gases that transfer with the oxygen transfer, just because of their presence and influence on oxygen partial pressure are called simple asphyxiates. Other than carbon monoxide and Hydrogen Cyanide, the rest come in this list.
    (True)

    50. Exposure to Asphixants only at higher concentrations is fatel.
    (True)

    51. Simple asphyxiants is more harmful than the chemical asphyxiant because it affects the partial pressure of oxygen.
    (False)

    52. Physical asphyxiants require higher concentrations to bring in the damage, while chemical asphyxiants do the same even at lower concentrations.
    (True)

    53. Recovery to normal health is immediate if the man is removed from the environment polluted with an asphyxiant.
    (True)



Cheating Ourselves of Sleep

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Cheating Ourselves of Sleep

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Think you do just fine on five or six hours of shut-eye? Chances are, you are among the many millions who unwittingly shortchange themselves on sleep.
Research shows that most people require seven or eight hours of sleep to function optimally. Failing to get enough sleep night after night can compromise your health and may even shorten your life. From infancy to old age, the effects of inadequate sleep can profoundly affect memory, learning, creativity, productivity and emotional stability, as well as your physical health.
According to sleep specialists at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, among others, a number of bodily systems are negatively affected by inadequate sleep: the heart, lungs and kidneys; appetite, metabolism and weight control; immune function and disease resistance; sensitivity to pain; reaction time; mood; and brain function.
Poor sleep is also a risk factor for depression and substance abuse, especially among people with post-traumatic stress disorder, according to Anne Germain, associate professor of psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. People with PTSD tend to relive their trauma when they try to sleep, which keeps their brains in a heightened state of alertness.
Dr. Germain is studying what happens in the brains of sleeping veterans with PTSD in hopes of developing more effective treatments for them and for people with lesser degrees of stress that interfere with a good night’s sleep.
The elderly are especially vulnerable. Timothy H. Monk, who directs the Human Chronobiology Research Program at Western Psychiatric, heads a five-year federally funded study of circadian rhythms, sleep strength, stress reactivity, brain function and genetics among the elderly. “The circadian signal isn’t as strong as people get older,” he said.
He is finding that many are helped by standard behavioral treatments for insomnia, like maintaining a regular sleep schedule, avoiding late-in-day naps and caffeine, and reducing distractions from light, noise and pets.
It should come as no surprise that myriad bodily systems can be harmed by chronically shortened nights. “Sleep affects almost every tissue in our bodies,” said Dr. Michael J. Twery, a sleep specialist at the National Institutes of Health.
Several studies have linked insufficient sleep to weight gain. Not only do night owls with shortchanged sleep have more time to eat, drink and snack, but levels of the hormone leptin, which tells the brain enough food has been consumed, are lower in the sleep-deprived while levels of ghrelin, which stimulates appetite, are higher.
In addition, metabolism slows when one’s circadian rhythm and sleep are disrupted; if not counteracted by increased exercise or reduced caloric intake, this slowdown could add up to 10 extra pounds in a year.
The body’s ability to process glucose is also adversely affected, which may ultimately result in Type 2 diabetes. In one study, healthy young men prevented from sleeping more than four hours a night for six nights in a row ended up with insulin and blood sugar levels like those of people deemed prediabetic. The risks of cardiovascular diseases and stroke are higher in people who sleep less than six hours a night. Even a single night of inadequate sleep can cause daylong elevations in blood pressure in people with hypertension. Inadequate sleep is also associated with calcification of coronary arteries and raised levels of inflammatory factors linked to heart disease. (In terms of cardiovascular disease, sleeping too much may also be risky. Higher rates of heart disease have been found among women who sleep more than nine hours nightly.)
The risk of cancer may also be elevated in people who fail to get enough sleep. A Japanese study of nearly 24,000 women ages 40 to 79 found that those who slept less than six hours a night were more likely to develop breast cancer than women who slept longer. The increased risk may result from diminished secretion of the sleep hormone melatonin. Among participants in the Nurses Health Study, Eva S. Schernhammer of Harvard Medical School found a link between low melatonin levels and an increased risk of breast cancer.
A study of 1,240 people by researchers at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland found an increased risk of potentially cancerous colorectal polyps in those who slept fewer than six hours nightly.
Children can also experience hormonal disruptions from inadequate sleep. Growth hormone is released during deep sleep; it not only stimulates growth in children, but also boosts muscle mass and repairs damaged cells and tissues in both children and adults.
Dr. Vatsal G. Thakkar, a psychiatrist affiliated with New York University, recently described evidence associating inadequate sleep with an erroneous diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. In one study, 28 percent of children with sleep problems had symptoms of the disorder, but not the disorder.
During sleep, the body produces cytokines, cellular hormones that help fight infections. Thus, short sleepers may be more susceptible to everyday infections like colds and flu. In a study of 153 healthy men and women, Sheldon Cohen and colleagues at Carnegie Mellon University found that those who slept less than seven hours a night were three times as likely to develop cold symptoms when exposed to a cold-causing virus than were people who slept eight or more hours.
Some of the most insidious effects of too little sleep involve mental processes like learning, memory, judgment and problem-solving. During sleep, new learning and memory pathways become encoded in the brain, and adequate sleep is necessary for those pathways to work optimally. People who are well rested are better able to learn a task and more likely to remember what they learned. The cognitive decline that so often accompanies aging may in part result from chronically poor sleep.
With insufficient sleep, thinking slows, it is harder to focus and pay attention, and people are more likely to make poor decisions and take undue risks. As you might guess, these effects can be disastrous when operating a motor vehicle or dangerous machine.
In driving tests, sleep-deprived people perform as if drunk, and no amount of caffeine or cold air can negate the ill effects.
At your next health checkup, tell your doctor how long and how well you sleep. Be honest: Sleep duration and quality can be as important to your health as your blood pressure and cholesterol level.
This is the first of two columns on inadequate sleep.

Quality Control: Meaning, Importance, Definition and Objectives

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Quality control is a technique of scientific management which has the object of improving industrial efficiency by concentrating on better standards of quality and on controls to ensure that these standards are always maintained….It is not intended to show what is wrong with current technology, but rather to establish what can be achieved with existing methods when they are operated correctly. ”

Quality Control: Meaning, Importance, Definition and Objectives

BySmriti ChandQuality Control: Meaning and Importance, Definition and Objectives!

Meaning and Importance:

Present era is the ‘Era of Quality’.In this age of cut­throat competition and large scale production, only that manufacturer can survive who supplies better quality goods and renders service to-the consumers. In fact quality control has become major consideration before establishing an industrial undertaking. Proper quality control ensures most effective utilisation of available resources and reduction in cost of production.

The word quality control comprises of two words viz., quality and control. It would be appropriate to explain these two words separately to understand clearly the meaning of quality control.
According to Dr. W.K. Spriegel “The quality of a product may be defined as the sum of a number of related characteristics such as shape, dimension, composition, strength, workmanship, adjustment, finish and colour”.
In the words of John D. McIIellan, “Quality is the degree to which a product conforms to specifications and workmanship standards”.
It is clear from these definitions that quality refers to various characteristics of a product and their excellence. Quality is a relative term and is never absolute depending upon the use of the product and circumstances under which it is used.
To achieve and maintain a satisfactory level of quality of products is a very difficult task.
It involves many steps to be undertaken viz:
(a) Product must possess a minimum level of quality so that it could be easily sold in the market.
(b) In order to measure quality, accurate standard measurements must be established.
(c) Reasonable deviation from the pre-determined standards must be determined.
‘(d) Satisfactory level of quality must be achieved with a minimum cost.
Control refers to the use of all the ways and means whereby quality standards could be maintained. Control precisely aims at bringing the product up to pre­determined standards by minimising deviations from established and present standards.
According to Henry Fayol, “Control consists in verifying whether everything occurs in conformity with the plan adopted, the instructions issued and principles established. It has objected to point out weaknesses and errors in order to rectify them and prevent recurrence. It operates on everything things, people, actions”.
In the words of Theo Haimann, “control is the process of checking to determine whether or not, proper progress is being made towards the objectives and goals and acting if necessary to correct any deviation”.
From the above mentioned definitions, it is clear that a good control system should be such which suggests corrective remedies so that negative deviations may not re-occur in future. The scope of the term ‘control’ is wider, including not only product to be produced but also extending to workmen and their methods of operations.
In the absence of effective control over production operations, desired quality in products to be produced cannot be achieved. How it may be pointed out here that words quality and control cannot be studied separately in this context but as ‘Quality Control’.
Quality control is concerned with the control of quality of the product during the process of production. It aims at achieving the predetermined level of quality in a product. In other words quality control is concerned with controlling those negative variances which ultimately affect the excellence of a manufacturer in producing the products.

Definition:

Some of the important definitions of quality control are enumerated as under:
“Quality control may be defined as that industrial management technique or group of techniques by means of which products of uniform acceptable quality are manufactured. It is indeed the mechanism by which products are made to measure up to specifications determined from customer’s demand and transformed into sales, engineering and manufacturing requirements. It is concerned with making things right rather than the discovering and rejecting those made wrong”.
—Alford and Beatty
“Quality control means the recognition and removal of identifiable causes and defects, and variables from the set standards”.
—J.A. Shubin.
“Quality control is used to connote all those activities which are directed for defining, controlling and maintaining quality”.
—K.G. Lockyer.
“Quality control is systematic control by management of the variables in the manufacturing process that affect goodness of the end-product.”
—H.N. Broom.
“Quality control is systematic control of these variables in the manufacturing process which affect the excellence of the end product. These variables result from the application of materials, men, machines and manufacturing condition. The production system possesses those inputs to produce desirable outputs.
Only when these variables in the inputs are regulated to the extent that they do not deviate unnecessarily from the excellence of the manufacturing process as reflected in the quality of the finished product, can the control of quality be said to exist. ”
—Bethel, At water and Stackman
“Quality control includes techniques and systems for the achievement of the required quality in the articles produced and for the elimination of sub standard goods.”
—Tome, Simen and HcGill.
“Quality control is a system of inspection, analysis and action applied to a manufacturing process so that, by inspecting a small portion of the product currently produced, an analysis of its quality can be made to determine what action is required on the operation in order to achieve and maintain the desired level of quality.”
—Joseph Manueb.

From the above mentioned definitions, it is clear that quality control is concerned with controlling the negative variables which affect the ultimate quality of a product and in a broader sense it is concerned with the performance of those activities leading to fulfillment the company’s objectives.

Objectives of quality control:

Following are the important objectives of quality control:
1. To establish the desired quality standards which are acceptable to the customers?
2. To discover flaws or variations in the raw materials and the manufacturing processes in order to ensure smooth and uninterrupted production.
3. To evaluate the methods and processes of production and suggest further improvements in their functioning.
4. To study and determine the extent of quality deviation in a product during the manufacturing process.
5. To analyse in detail the causes responsible for such deviation.
6. To undertake such steps which are helpful in achieving the desired quality of the product.

12 Importance or Benefits of Quality Control | Production Management

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12 Importance or Benefits of Quality Control | Production Management

 Some of the importance or benefits of quality control are: 1. Encourages quality consciousness 2. Satisfaction of consumers 3. Reduction in production cost 4. Most effective utilisation of resources.

1. Encourages quality consciousness:
The most important advantage derived by introducing quality control is that it develops and encourages quality consciousness among the workers in the factory which is greatly helpful in achieving desired level of quality in the product.
2. Satisfaction of consumers:
Consumers are greatly benefited as they get better quality products on account of quality control. It gives them satisfaction.
3. Reduction in production cost:
By undertaking effective inspection and control over production processes and operations, production costs are considerably reduced. Quality control further checks the production of inferior products and wastages thereby bringing down the cost of production considerably.
4. Most effective utilisation of resources:
Quality control ensures maximum utilisation of available resources thereby minimising wastage and inefficiency of every kind.
5. Reduction in inspection costs:
Quality control brings about economies in inspection and considerably reduces cost of inspection.
6. Increased goodwill:
By producing better quality products and satisfying customer’s needs, quality control raises the goodwill of the concern in the minds of people. A reputed concern can easily raise finances from the market.
7. Higher morale of employees:
An effective system of quality control is greatly helpful in increasing the morale of employees, and they feel that they are working in the concern producing better and higher quality products.
8. Improved employer-employee relations:
Quality control develops to better industrial atmosphere by increasing morale of employees which ensures cordial employer-employee relations leading to better understanding and closeness between them.
9. Improved techniques and methods of production:
By supplying technical and engineering data for the product and manufacturing processes, improved methods and designs of production are ensured by quality control.
10. Effective advertisement:
Organisations producing quality products have effective advertisement. They win the public confidence by supplying those better quality products.
11. Facilitates price fixation:
By introducing quality control measures, uniform products of same quality are produced. This greatly facilitates the problem of price fixation. One price of standard products becomes prevalent in the market.
12. Increased sales:
Quality control ensures production of quality products which is immensely helpful in attracting more customers for the product thereby increasing sales. It is greatly helpful in maintaining existing demand and creating new demand for the product. It has been rightly pointed out that quality control is a powerful instrument with the help of which markets both at home and abroad can be expanded.

Production Management: it’s Meaning and Important Aspects

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Production Management: it’s Meaning and Important Aspects

Production Management: it’s Meaning and Important Aspects!
The function of production has assumed great significance as a Key function in almost all industrial/manufacturing undertakings.All other activities in such undertakings revolve around this key function. The activities of production are independent of the size of the enterprise.

In a small concern one person may be undertaking this function, whereas in large organisations this activity may be performed by many individuals or separate groups. The success or failure of an enterprise depends very much upon the extent of care and accuracy with which the production function is managed. Management of production function of an enterprise on scientific and rationalised lines is sure to help to achieve its objectives most successfully.

Meaning:

Production is the creation of goods and services. It is concerned with transforming the inputs in the form of raw materials, labour, machines, men and money into output i.e. goods and services with the help of certain production processes.
Production function is the most important function in an organisation around which other activities of an enterprise (viz., marketing, financing, purchasing and personnel etc.) revolve. It is pertinent to note that production function should be managed in an efficient and effective manner for the achievement of the organisational goals.
In a departmental type of organisation, production management is concerned with carrying out the production function. Production management becomes the process of effectively planning and regulating the operations of that part of an enterprise which is responsible for actual transformation of raw materials into finished products.
Simply stated, production management is concerned with decision making relating to processes for producing goods and services in accordance with the pre­determined specifications and standards by incurring minimum costs.

Important Aspects of production function:

Production function may be studied under the following headings:

1. Manufacturing function:

This function is concerned with the production of goods or making of products. Decisions such as selection of factory site, its location, design and layout, type of products to be produced, research, development and design of the product are included in manufacturing function.

2. Ancilliary function:

This function includes all the activities which support or smoothen production function. Ancilliary function is related to production planning and control, maintenance, purchasing, store-keeping and materials handling.

3. Advisory function:

This function helps in improving production function. It includes work study, method study, operational research, inspection and quality control.

Marketing Management: Meaning and Importance of Marketing Management – Explained!

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Marketing Management: Meaning and Importance of Marketing Management – Explained!

arketing Management: Meaning and Importance of Marketing Management – Explained!

Meaning:

Marketing management facilitates the activities and functions which are involved in the distribution of goods and services.

According to Philip Kotler, “Marketing management is the analysis, planning, implementation and control of programmes designed to bring about desired exchanges with target markets for the purpose of achieving organisational objectives.
It relies heavily on designing the organisations offering in terms of the target markets needs and desires and using effective pricing, communication and distribution to inform, motivate and service the market.” Marketing management is concerned with the chalking out of a definite programme, after careful analysis and forecasting of the market situations and the ultimate execution of these plans to achieve the objectives of the organisation.
Further, their sales plans to a greater extent rest upon the requirements and motives of the consumers in the market. To achieve this objective, the organisation has to pay heed to the right pricing, effective advertising and sales promotion, distribution and stimulating the consumers through the best services.
To sum up, marketing management may be defined as the process of management of marketing
programmes for accomplishing organisational goals and objectives. It involves planning, implementation and control of marketing programmes or campaigns.

Importance of Marketing Management:

Marketing management has gained importance to meet increasing competition and the need for improved methods of distribution to reduce cost and to increase profits. Marketing management today is the most important function in a commercial and business enterprise.
The following are the other factors showing importance of the marketing management:
(i) Introduction of new products in the market.
(ii) Increasing the production of existing products.
(iii) Reducing cost of sales and distribution.
(iv) Export market.
(v) Development in the means of communication and modes of transportation within and outside the country.
(vi) Rise in per capita income and demand for more goods by the consumers.

Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Apr 08, 2015

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http://dramarnathgiri.blogspot.in/2013/06/cooling-water-systems-audit-and-future.html?q=cooling+water+problem



http://dramarnathgiri.blogspot.in/2013/06/heat-exchanger.html?q=cooling+water+problem

Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada    Dated :Apr 08, 2015
Kakinada
Past 24 Hours Weather Data
Maximum Temp(oC)35.6
Departure from Normal(oC)0
Minimum Temp (oC)25.6
Departure from Normal(oC)0
24 Hours Rainfall (mm)NIL
Todays Sunset (IST)18:15
Tommorows Sunrise (IST)05:50
Moonset (IST)08:26
Moonrise (IST)21:35
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be partly cloudy. Maximum and minimum temperatures would be around 36 & 25 degrees celsius respectively.
Date Temperature ( o C ) Weather Forecast
Minimum Maximum
09-Apr 25.0 36.0 Partly cloudy sky
10-Apr 25.0 35.0 Partly cloudy sky
11-Apr 25.0 36.0 Partly cloudy sky
12-Apr 26.0 35.0 Partly cloudy sky
13-Apr 26.0 35.0 Partly cloudy sky
14-Apr 26.0 35.0 Partly cloudy sky





Actual
Average
Record
Temperature

Mean Temperature
30 °C
-

Max Temperature
35 °C
-
- ()
Min Temperature
25 °C
-
- ()
Cooling Degree Days
22


Growing Degree Days
37 (Base 50)


Moisture

Dew Point
25 °C


Average Humidity
72


Maximum Humidity
88


Minimum Humidity
53


Precipitation

Precipitation
0.0 mm
-
- ()
Sea Level Pressure

Sea Level Pressure
1010.62 hPa


Wind

Wind Speed
1 km/h ()


Max Wind Speed
6 km/h


Max Gust Speed
-


Visibility
7.0 kilometers


Events
 




T = Trace of Precipitation, MM = Missing Value
Source: Averaged Metar Reports
Daily Weather History Graph

 Daily Weather History Graph

today prediction
monthly
Monthly Weather History Graph


Prime Minister being received by Minister of State for Sports Thierry Braillard of France on his arrival in Paris (April 09, 2015).

Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Apr 09, 2015

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Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada    Dated :Apr 09, 2015
Kakinada
Past 24 Hours Weather Data
Maximum Temp(oC)35.5
Departure from Normal(oC)-1
Minimum Temp (oC)25.1
Departure from Normal(oC)1
24 Hours Rainfall (mm)NIL
Todays Sunset (IST)18:16
Tommorows Sunrise (IST)05:50
Moonset (IST)09:15
Moonrise (IST)22:28
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be partly cloudy. Maximum and minimum temperatures would be around 36 & 25 degrees celsius respectively.
Date Temperature ( o C ) Weather Forecast
Minimum Maximum
10-Apr 25.0 36.0 Partly cloudy sky
11-Apr 25.0 37.0 Partly cloudy sky
12-Apr 25.0 37.0 Partly cloudy sky
13-Apr 26.0 37.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development
14-Apr 26.0 38.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development
15-Apr 26.0 38.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development




Actual
Average
Record
Temperature

Mean Temperature
30 °C
-

Max Temperature
35 °C
-
- ()
Min Temperature
25 °C
-
- ()
Cooling Degree Days
21


Growing Degree Days
36 (Base 50)


Moisture

Dew Point
25 °C


Average Humidity
72


Maximum Humidity
91


Minimum Humidity
48


Precipitation

Precipitation
0.0 mm
-
- ()
Sea Level Pressure

Sea Level Pressure
1010.75 hPa


Wind

Wind Speed
1 km/h ()


Max Wind Speed
6 km/h


Max Gust Speed
-


Visibility
7.0 kilometers


Events




T = Trace of Precipitation, MM = Missing Value
Source: Averaged Metar Reports
Daily Weather History Graph

 


today prediction
daily hourly report of yesterday






 Monthly Weather History Graph
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