water treatment Systems
Water is basic to life. It is a precious resource and has become precious commodity now. Ongoing Industrialization, population & urbanization pose pressure on water availability. Utility value of world’s freshwater resources like lakes and rivers are diminishing rapidly due to over exploitation & pollution. The day is not far off when even a drop will become scarce. The objective of Water Treatment is to produce safe and potable drinking water and other industrial applications.
Water Treatment describes those processes used to make water more acceptable for a desired end-use. These can include use as drinking water, industrial processes, medical and many other uses. The goal of all water treatment process is to remove existing contaminants in the water, or reduce the concentration of such contaminants so the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. One such use is returning water that has been used back into the natural environment without adverse ecological impact. The processes involved in treating water for drinking, industrial & recycling purpose are Reverse Osmosis/Demineralization/Softening/ Filtration/ Desalination/ Deionisation/Effluent & sewage Treatment Plants & many more.
Water Treatment Prodcuts »
| Reverse Osmosis– Osmosis is a natural process. When two liquids of different concentration are separated by a semi permeable membrane, the fluid has a tendency to move from low to high solute concentrations for chemical potential equilibrium. Formally, reverse osmosis is the process of forcing a solvent from a region of high solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane to a region of low solute concentration by applying a pressure in excess of the osmotic pressure. | |
| Demineralization– Deionized water also known as demineralized water is water that has had its mineral ions removed. Mineral ions such as cations of sodium, calcium, iron, copper, etc and anions such as chloride, sulphate, nitrate, etc are common ions present in water. Deionization is a physical process which uses specially-manufactured ion exchange resins which provides ion exchange site for the replacement of the mineral salts in water with water forming H+ and OH- ions. | |
| Water Softening – When water contains a significant amount of calcium and magnesium, it is called hard water. Hard water is known to clog pipes and to complicate soap and detergent dissolving in water. Water softening is a technique that serves the removal of the ions that cause the water to be hard, in most cases calcium and magnesium ions. Iron ions may also be removed during softening. The best way to soften water is to use a water softener unit and connect it directly to the water supply. A water softener is a unit that is used to soften water, by removing the minerals that cause the water to be hard with the mode of Ion Exchange process. | |
| Filtration–The process of filtration involves the flow of water through a granular bed, of sand or another suitable media, at a low speed. The media retains most solid matter while permitting the water to pass. This type of slow filtration over a granular bed is generally known as slow sand filtration. It is the oldest method of filtration but still widely used in municipal water treatment plants & for industrial application as well. More modern filtration systems use carbon as the main constituent material of the filter. This carbon is compressed into a solid block form, as opposed to the more loosely structured, granular, sand filters. Such filters often include other media substances, in addition to the compressed, solid carbon. This type of water filter is known as a multimedia filter. These filters clean water through both physical and chemical processes. Physically, they perform the same function as slow sand filters, blocking the passage of unwanted materials with molecular structures that are larger than water. Chemically, the carbon or multimedia filters perform an added filtration function. | |
| Desalination– Water desalination is the process of removing salt and minerals from seawater or brackish water. It works by removing the salt from the water, leaving clean water behind. There are several kinds of water desalination processes. Three of these are reverse osmosis, thermal distillation, and electrodialysis. Reverse osmosis is a process of water desalination that pushes water through a membrane while trapping salt and unwanted minerals. Thermal distillation uses heat for desalination. Bringing salt water to a boil causes the water to vaporize while leaving the salt behind. The vapor is then condensed in a second container and collected. Electrodialysis is as a process of desalination that uses the salt ions’ electrical charge in order to separate them from the water. In this process, the water is pre-treated and then sent to a membrane stack. | |
| Effluent Treatment –The Effluent treatment plant is designed to treat the effluent coming from different areas of the plant. Effluent Treatment Plants or ETPs are to purify water and remove any toxic and noneffluent-treatment-plant toxic materials or chemicals from it. These plants are used for environment protection. An ETP plant is a plant where the treatment of industrial effluents and waste water is done. Effluent treatment is basically waste treatment. The ETP plants are used widely in more or less all type of process industries to reduce BOD, COD, suspended solids & other contaminants from waste water. The effluent water treatment plants are installed to reduce the possibility of pollution. | |
| Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment - is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage, both runoff (effluents) and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Organic wastes, suspended solids, bacteria, nitrates, and phosphates are pollutants that commonly must be removed. Sewage Treatment Plant, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage, both runoff (effluents) and domestic. The task of designing and constructing facilities for treating wastewaters falls to environmental engineers. They employ a variety of engineered and natural systems to get the job done, using physical, chemical, biological, and sludge treatment methods. Its objective is to produce a waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste or sludge suitable for discharge or reuse back into the environment. | |
| Membrane Bioreactor - Bioreactors are reactors that convert or produce materials using functions naturally endowed to living creatures. Reactors using immobilized enzymes, microorganisms, animal, or plant cells and those applying new methodologies such as genetic manipulation or cell fusion are typical bioreactors. Bioreactors differ from conventional reactors as living organisms present in the reactors operate under milder conditions of temperature and pressure. The ranges of operating conditions within bioreactors are usually determined by the biocatalyst (organism) and are usually small. Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) systems essentially consists of combination of membrane and biological reactor systems. These systems are the emerging technologies, currently developed for a variety of advanced wastewater treatment processes. | |
| Ultrapure Water - Ultra pure water is mainly used in the semi conductor and pharmaceutical industry. Because of the continuing miniaturilisation in the semi conductor industry, the specifications become more strict every year. Ultrapure water production often has to be done in two steps. For example, from tap water or fresh groundwater, the water should first be demineralised by membrane filtration or ion exchange to reach the ultimate conductivity of 10 uS/cm. The demineralised water is then processed through a high performance Mixed Bed or by Electrodeionisation to produce Ultrapure water. | |