List of environmental issues

 This is an alphabetical list of environmental issues, harmful aspects of human activity on the biophysical environment. As such, they relate to the anthropogenic effects on the natural environment, which are loosely divided into causes, effects and mitigation, noting that effects are interconnected and can cause new effects.

• Human overpopulation— Biocapacity• Carrying capacity• Exploitation• Industrialisation• I = PAT• Land degradation• Land reclamation• Optimum population• Overshoot (population)• Population density• Population dynamics• Population growth• Projections of population growth• Total fertility rate• Urbanization• Waste• Water conflict• Water scarcity• Overdrafting

• Hydrology— Environmental impacts of reservoirs• Tile drainage• Hydrology (agriculture)• Flooding• Landslide•

• Intensive farming— Environmental effects of meat production•Intensive animal farming• Intensive crop farming• Irrigation• Monoculture• Nutrient pollution• Overgrazing• Pesticide drift• Plasticulture• Slash and burn• Tile drainage

• Land use— Built environment• Desertification• Habitat fragmentation• Habitat destruction• Land degradation— Land pollution• Lawn-environmental concerns• Urban heat island• Urban sprawl

• Nanotechnology— Implications of nanotechnology

• Nuclear issues— Nuclear fallout• Nuclear meltdown• Nuclear power• Nuclear weapons• Nuclear and radiation accidents• Nuclear safety• High-level radioactive waste management•

• Climate change— Global warming• Global dimming• Fossil fuels• Sea level rise• Greenhouse gas• Ocean acidification• Shutdown of thermohaline circulation• Environmental impact of the coal industry• Urban Heat Islands• Flooding

• Environmental degradation— Habitat destruction• Invasive species

• Environmental health— Air quality• Asthma• Birth defect• Developmental disability• endocrine disruptors• Environmental impact of the coal industry•Environmental impact of nanotechnology• Electromagnetic fields• Electromagnetic radiation and health• Indoor air quality• Lead poisoning• Leukemia•Nanotoxicology•Nature deficit disorder•One Health• Sick Building Syndrome• Environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing

• Environmental issues with energy— Environmental impact of the coal industry• Environmental impact of the energy industry• Environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing•

• Environmental issues with war - Agent Orange• Depleted Uranium• MilitarySuperfund site (Category only)•Scorched earth• War and environmental law• Unexploded ordnance

• Overpopulation— Burial• Overpopulation in companion animals• Tragedy of the commons• Gender Imbalance in Developing Countries• Sub-replacement fertility levels in developed countries•

• Genetic engineering— Genetic pollution• Genetically modified food controversies
• Pollution— Nonpoint source pollution• Point source pollution•

Mitigation

• Conservation

Ecosystems— Anoxic waters• Biodiversity• Biosecurity• Coral bleaching• Edge effect• Habitat destruction• Habitat fragmentation• In-situ leach

Fishing— Blast fishing• Bottom trawling• By-catch• Cetacean bycatch• Gillnetting• Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing• Environmental effects of fishing• Marine pollution• Overfishing• Whaling

Forests— Clearcutting• Deforestation• Illegal logging

Natural resources— Resource depletion• Exploitation of natural resources

Species— Endangered species• Genetic diversity• Habitat destruction• Holocene extinction• Invasive species• Poaching• Pollinator decline• Species extinction• Threshold host density• Wildlife trade• Wildlife disease

Energy conservation• Efficient energy use•

Renewable energy• Renewable energy commercialization•

• Environmental law - Environmental crime• Environmental justice• Polluter pays principle• Precautionary Principle• regulatory capture

Human impact on the environment
General	Anthropocene Environmental issues Human impacts Impact assessment Planetary boundaries
Causes	Agriculture fishing irrigation meat production palm oil Energy industry biodiesel coal electricity generation nuclear power oil shale petroleum reservoirs wind power Manufacturing cleaning agents concrete nanotechnology paint paper pesticides pharmaceuticals and personal care Transport aviation roads shipping Other land use mining genetic pollution human overpopulation overexploitation particulates pollution war
Effects	Biodiversity threats Deforestation Desertification Erosion Coral reefs Freshwater cycle Global warming Habitat destruction Holocene extinction Nitrogen cycle Land degradation Phosphorus cycle Ocean acidification Ozone depletion
Mitigation	Birth control Cleaner production Climate change mitigation Climate engineering Ecological engineering Environmental engineering Environmental mitigation Industrial ecology Mitigation banking Organic agriculture Reforestation urban Restoration ecology Sustainable consumption Waste minimization

Air pollution— Environmental impact of the coal industry• Environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing• Indoor air quality• Smog• Tropospheric ozone• Volatile organic compoundAtmospheric particulate matterCFC• Biological effects of UV exposure

Light pollution• Visual pollution•

Noise pollution•

Soil pollution— Alkali soil•Brownfield• Residual Sodium Carbonate Index• Soil conservation• Soil erosion• Soil contamination• Soil salination• Superfund• Superfund sites

Space debris• Interplanetary contamination * Ozone depletion

Water pollution— Acid rain•Agricultural runoff•Algal bloom• Environmental impact of the coal industry• Eutrophication• Environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing• Eutrophication• Fish kill•Groundwater contamination• Groundwater recharge• Marine debris• Marine pollution•Mercury in fish• Microplastics• Ocean acidification• Ocean dumping• ocean pollution•Oil spills• Soda lake•Ship pollution• Thermal pollution• Urban runoff• Wastewater

• Resource depletion— Exploitation of natural resources• Overdrafting (groundwater) •Overexploitation

Consumerism— Consumer capitalism• Planned obsolescence• Over-consumption

Fishing— Blast fishing• Bottom trawling• Cyanide fishing• Ghost nets• Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing• Overfishing• Shark finning• Whaling

Logging— Clearcutting• Deforestation• Illegal logging

Mining— Acid mine drainage• Environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing• Mountaintop removal mining• Slurry impoundments

Water (depletion)— Anoxic waters• Aral Sea• California Water Wars• Dead Sea• Lake Chad• Water scarcity

• Toxicants— Agent Orange• Asbestos• Beryllium• Bioaccumulation• Biomagnification• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)• Cyanide• DDT• Endocrine disruptors• Explosives• Environmental impact of the coal industry• Herbicides• Hydrocarbons• Perchlorate• Pesticides• PBDE• Persistent organic pollutant• PBBs• PBDEs• Toxic heavy metals• PCB• Dioxin• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons• Radioactive contamination• Volatile organic compounds

• Waste— Electronic waste• Great Pacific Garbage Patch• Illegal dumping• Incineration• Litter• Waste disposal incidents• Marine debris• Medical waste• Landfill• Leachate• Toxic waste• Environmental impact of the coal industry• Exporting of hazardous waste

• Air quality
• Air pollution
• Environmental management
• Green cleaning
• Greenguard Environmental Institute
• Guatemala Stove Project
• HVAC
• Home performance
• Indoor bioaerosol
• International Association of Certified Indoor Air Consultants (IAC2)
• List of air-filtering plants
• Mold health issues
• Mold growth, assessment, and remediation
• Olfactory fatigue
• Phase I environmental site assessment
• Radon
• Radon mitigation
• Room air distribution
• Second-hand smoke
• Sick building syndrome
• Thermal comfort
• Ultraviolet germicidal irradiati

Natural resources
Air	Pollution / quality Ambient standards (USA) Index health Indoor developing nations Law Clean Air Act (USA) Ozone depletion Emissions Airshed Trading Deforestation (REDD)
Energy	Law Resources Fossil fuels (peak oil) Geothermal Nuclear Solar sunlight shade Tidal Wave Wind
Land	Arable Degradation Law property Management habitat conservation Minerals mining law sand peak rights Soil conservation fertility health resilience Use planning reserve
Life	Biodiversity Bioprospecting Biosphere Bushfood Bushmeat Fisheries law management Food Forests genetic resources law management Game law Gene bank Herbalist plants Marine conservation Non-timber forest products Rangeland Seed bank Wildlife conservation management Wood
Water	Types / location Aquifer storage and recovery Drinking Fresh Groundwater recharge remediation Hydrosphere Ice bergs glacial polar Irrigation Rain harvesting Stormwater Surface water Wastewater reclaimed Aspects Conflict Conservation Desalination Floods control Law Leaching Peak Pollution Privatization Quality Right Resources management policy
Related	Commons common-pool enclosure global tragedy theory Economics ecological Ecosystem services Exploitation overexploitation Management adaptive Natural capital accounting Nature reserve Systems ecology Urban ecology Wilderness Resource Conflict (perpetuation) Curse Extraction Nationalism Renewable / Non-renewable
Portals	Agriculture and Agronomy Energy Environment Fishing Forestry Mining Water

• Global real-time air quality index map
• International Conference on Urban Air Quality.
• UNEP Urban Issues
• European Commission > Environment > Policies > Air >Air Quality
• Database: outdoor air pollution in cities from the World Health Organisation
• Interactive map of US facilities emitting air pollution
• World Health Organization Fact Sheet on Air quality and health
• American Lung Association of New England on air quality.
• Impact assessment of the mortality effects of longer-term exposure to air pollution: exploring cause-specific mortality and susceptibility by BG Miller. Institute of Occupational Medicine Research Report TM/03/01
• Comparing estimated risks for air pollution with risks for other health effects by BG Miller and JF Hurley. Institute of Occupational Medicine Research Report TM/06/01
• The Mortality Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution in the United Kingdom, UK Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollution, 2010.